1985年前后美学研究方法论热的学术史反思

发布时间：2019-07-16 09:38

【摘要】：回顾中国当代美学60年发展历程,一个不能绕过而且意义深远的问题是1985年前后美学研究方法论热的大潮涌动。方法论热体现了学术意识的觉醒和方法论的自觉,其发生首先得益于改革开放的时代大背景,也与此前中国现当代美学研究中方法意识的阙如相关。方法论的探索经历了从自然科学方法向人文社会科学方法的移转,其历史贡献首先在于改变了建国以来当代美学研究重观念轻方法以至于完全没有方法论自觉的缺陷,其次在于直接造成了美学研究的活跃态势,推动了美学研究多元格局的形成。方法论热中的美学研究也有自我迷失和缺陷:一是将方法出新等同于观念创新,没有摆正二者的正确关系;二是混乱了方法的层次秩序与相应规范,忽视美学研究方法的特殊性。方法论热既以其不能抹杀的理论贡献也以其难以回避的历史局限给予当今学界以有益启示:首先,美学研究必须重视研究方法问题,同时又要正确认识和处理观念与方法的辩证关系,将观念创新与方法创新有机地统一起来;其次,美学研究在方法论研究和方法选择中应该注意研究方法结构系统的层次性、互补性、差异性,在加强哲学层次和一般层次研究方法的同时,特别要重视美学文艺学特殊方法的运用。根据研究对象的自身特点与客观要求寻找到、运用好属于自己的研究方法,是美学学科存在和发展的基础。美学的学科未来,美学的观念创新,存在于美学研究的特殊方法与其他方法的有效协同和完美发挥之中。
[Abstract]:Looking back on the development of contemporary Chinese aesthetics in the past 60 years, one of the problems that can not be bypassed and has far-reaching significance is the surge of the hot tide of aesthetic research methodology around 1985. The methodological heat embodies the awakening of academic consciousness and the consciousness of methodology, which first benefits from the background of the era of reform and opening up, and is also related to the lack of methodological consciousness in the study of modern and contemporary aesthetics in China. The exploration of methodology has experienced the transfer from natural science method to humanities and social science method. Its historical contribution first lies in changing the defects that contemporary aesthetic research attaches importance to ideas rather than methods since the founding of the people's Republic of China, and secondly, it directly causes the active situation of aesthetic research and promotes the formation of the pluralistic pattern of aesthetic research. There are also self-lost and defects in aesthetic research in the heat of methodology: one is to equate the innovation of methods with the innovation of ideas, and the other is to confuse the hierarchical order and corresponding norms of methods, neglecting the particularity of aesthetic research methods. The methodological heat not only gives beneficial enlightenment to the academic circles because of its indelible theoretical contribution but also its unavoidable historical limitations: first of all, aesthetic research must attach importance to the research method, at the same time, it should correctly understand and deal with the dialectical relationship between the concept and the method, and unify the concept innovation and the method innovation organically; Secondly, aesthetic research should pay attention to the hierarchy, complementarity and difference of the research method structure system in the methodological research and the method choice. While strengthening the research methods at the philosophical level and the general level, we should pay special attention to the application of the special methods of aesthetic literature and art. According to the characteristics and objective requirements of the research object, it is the basis of the existence and development of aesthetics to make good use of its own research methods. The future of aesthetics and the innovation of aesthetic concept exist in the effective coordination and perfect play between the special methods of aesthetic research and other methods.
【作者单位】：山东大学文艺美学研究中心;山东经济学院广告美学应用研究所;
【分类号】：B83

【共引文献】