钢琴演奏中强化听觉的训练方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 00:25

本文关键词：钢琴演奏中强化听觉的训练方法研究　出处：《中国音乐学院》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在钢琴演奏的过程中,许多演奏者仅仅专注于机械的手指技巧练习或情绪情感的宣泄,却忽视了听觉的参与,对作品形成的心理定势和固定的审美倾向降低了听觉的敏锐度,使演奏丧失了灵活性和即兴感而变得苍白呆板。本文将如何解决演奏者无法通过听觉实时反馈和调整演奏状态作为研究目的。第一章从理论层面分析了内心听觉、德国戏剧理论家贝托尔特·布莱希特“间离效果”、瑞士美学家爱德华·布洛“心理距离”学说、以及心理学基本研究方法——内省法。第二章具体阐述了本文运用的三种听觉训练方法以及各自特点,其中包括录音练习法、返送练习法、黑暗练习法。其中运用话筒、电脑、耳机边弹边听实时反馈的返送练习法是笔者的创新所在,是不同于以往研究的创造性尝试。平时弹奏时听到的声音是在弹奏场合下钢琴发出的声波在周围物体上共振反射形成的,而把话筒放在振动琴弦较近的位置能避免其他物体的共振,采集到的声音再通过电脑转换为模拟信号,并通过耳机直接传达到内耳。这时的声音将与原始的声音发生变化,在一定程度上形成了陌生感从而达到抽离效果。第三章中,笔者用判断抽样的原则共挑选中国音乐学院钢琴特长及钢琴专业的8名本科生对这三种方法进行尝试,每人使用1-3首曲目进行训练,每天用固定方法练习半个小时,研究中期和结束时分别进行自我检测。本文的重点,是运用行动研究的方法对参与者进行强化听觉训练,并进行个案分析得出研究结论。从研究结果来看,参与者通过录音练习法重点解决了节奏不稳的问题。参与者普遍反映,能够从录音中听出节奏是否稳定,并在随后的演奏中更加注重节奏的稳定性,在乐曲强弱对比、张力层次、整体逻辑结构方面也得到提高。返送练习法能够帮助演奏者集中注意力,更加清晰地感受和控制住正在进行的演奏,降低了可能出现的由于情绪过于高涨而对演奏失去理性把握的情况,并使整首乐曲的全局处理变得更富有逻辑。黑暗练习法屏蔽了视觉的干扰,使演奏者将注意力集中在听觉和触觉上,更容易、更深刻地投入音乐情景,感受音乐魅力,有助于培养音乐情绪及控制音乐音色。本文将教学任务侧重于音乐听觉和艺术思维能力的培养,达到提高钢琴演奏者自主的听觉意识、实时反馈指导自身演奏的教学目的,提供并实践了强化听觉训练的三种教学手段,研究成果显著,为钢琴教育研究者开拓了新的思路,为钢琴学习者提供了新的尝试,起到抛砖引玉的作用。
[Abstract]:During the course of piano playing, many players simply focus on the mechanical finger tips practice or emotional catharsis, but ignore the auditory involvement, works on the formation of the potential psychological and aesthetic tendency of the fixed reduced auditory acuity, the performance loss of flexibility and sense of improvisation became pale dull.
This paper will discuss how to solve the performer not by hearing real-time feedback and the regulation performance state as the research objective. The first chapter analyzes the inner ear from the theoretical level, the German drama theorist Bertolt Brecht "alienation effect", the Swiss esthetician Edward Blow "psychological distance" theory, psychology and basic research methods -- introspection. The second chapter expounds three auditory training methods used in this paper and their characteristics, including recording practice, return to practice law, the dark practice method which use computer headset, microphone, guitar and listening to the real-time feedback back training method is the author where innovation is different from the previous studies, creative attempt to hear the usual playing time. Sound is the sound of piano playing situations around the formation of resonance reflection on the object, and the microphone on the vibration of the strings is Near the location of other objects to avoid resonance, the collected voice through the computer is converted to analog signals, and the headset is conveyed directly to the inner ear. Then the sound will change with the original sound, on a certain degree of strangeness to pull away. In the third chapter, the author used to judge 8 the principle of sampling were chosen from China Conservatory of Music undergraduate students majoring in piano and piano specialty of these three methods were tried, each using 1-3 tracks for training every day with fixed exercises for half an hour, and at the end of the mid of self detection. The focus of this paper is using the method of action research, strengthen the training on hearing participants and the case analysis, we draw a conclusion.
The study results indicate that the participants to solve the problem of unstable rhythm through the recording practice focus. Participants generally reflect the rhythm is stable from the recording to listen, and pay more attention to the stability of rhythm in the subsequent performance of the music, in contrast, the level of tension, the overall logic structure has also been improved. The return of the practice method to help players focus more clearly feel and control the ongoing performance, reduce may occur due to emotional and irrational play is too high to grasp the situation, and make the overall whole music processing becomes more logical. The dark practice method of visual interference shielding, allowing the player to focus focused on the auditory and tactile, more easily, more deeply into the music scene, feel the charm of music, helps to cultivate emotion and control music tone.
This paper will focus on the training task of teaching music hearing and the art of thinking ability, to improve the piano learner autonomy is the sense of hearing, real-time feedback to guide their own playing and teaching purposes, to provide three kinds of teaching methods to enhance the practice of hearing training, research achievements, and provides a new concept for piano education researchers, for piano the learner provides a new attempt to play a valuable role.

【学位授予单位】：中国音乐学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：J624.1

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