论三大学习理论对高校视唱练耳教学模式的影响

发布时间：2018-03-21 05:59

本文选题：视唱练耳　切入点：教学模式　出处：《湖南师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：视唱练耳作为高等艺术院校一门重要的理论和技能技巧训练并重的综合基础课程,在培养学生音乐综合能力的过程中起着关键的作用。通过对两所高校视唱练耳课进行问卷调查后,我发现传统的视唱练耳教学模式存在对该课程的教育价值及目标认识不足的问题,同时,由于受其历史的局限性和教学理论基础的片面性的影响,已越来越多的暴露出其自身难以克服的问题,越来越难以满足新时代、新视野下对高校视唱练耳课程提出的新的要求。转型势在必行,可是什么样的教学模式才是优化、优质的教学模式呢?转型的方向在哪里呢? 教学模式是依据一定理论和教育思想提出来的,是某种教学理论、教学思想或是学习理论的简化表现形式,每一个模式都有一个内在的理论基础,并由其决定教学模式的目的性和独特性,所以对教学模式的理论基础进行研究是探讨教学模式的前提。学习理论可以说是心理学最发达的领域之一,它从“如何学”的角度探讨教学模式,对教育理念以及众多学科的教学改革都有重大的影响,也必然对视唱练耳课程的教学造成影响。其中行为主义、认知主义、人本主义作为三大经典的学习理论对视唱练耳的教学模式影响、渗透最大。行为主义学习理论影响下的视唱练耳教学模式以培养学生的音乐感知力为主要目标。注重对理论知识和技能技巧的学习,把‘刺激—反应—强化’这样一个过程作为听力训练的方法而被广泛使用。对音乐的认识只停留在体验和感知阶段,只要求记忆、再现,而不要求理解和运用,是教与学的一种简单的单向反馈的关系,具有孤立的、片面的、形而上学的机械论性质,是一种较为简单的,低级的教学模式。认知主义影响下的视唱练耳教学模式在注重知识内部规律的同时考虑了学生的认知规律和对整体等把握,强调从整体的音乐作品中学习音乐,强调知识理解、内化和重组的过程。在课程内容的组织上更好的符合学生的听觉习惯和听觉思维,是一种更高级、更有意义的教学模式。学生不再被动的机械式的接受训练,而是能积极主动地参与思考和在音乐中学习,对学生音乐鉴赏力的提高具有积极的意义。人本主义学习理论影响下的视唱练耳课程模式,强调以学生为教学的中心,以及情感、环境等非智力因素在教学过程中的重要意义。是一种强调将“知、情、意、行”整合起来的,促进学生能力全面发展和人格塑造的复合式教学模式。更符合当前我国开放式的教育理念,能更好的实现新时期视唱练耳课程新的教学目标。教学模式总是与一定历史时期政治、文化、科技、经济、教育的水平相关联的,我们在教学模式的选择上应该与时俱进,根据教学对象和教学内容的改变选择适当的教学模式。进入新世纪以来,社会、科技发展日新月异,理论创新不断发展,国民音乐教育水平不断提升,全球经济一体化、文化多元化已成为一种必然趋势,这些都为视唱练耳教学模式转型创造了有利条件,也为视唱练耳教学模式的转型与发展奠定了基础。运用三大学习理论来指导我们的视唱练耳教学改革和实践,建立以音乐行为技能为特征的音乐技能操作系统,以构建认知思维结构为特征的认知系统,以培养情感意志为特征的情意系统的“三位一体”的教学模式是我们视唱练耳教学模式的终极目标。
[Abstract]:Solfeggio art colleges as an important basis of both theory and comprehensive skills training courses, plays a key role in the process of cultivating students' comprehensive ability in music. Through a questionnaire survey of two College Solfeggio course, I found the traditional Solfeggio teaching mode has the value of education and the goal the lack of understanding of the curriculum problems, at the same time, due to its historical limitations and one sidedness of the theoretical basis of teaching effect, has been increasingly exposed its own difficult to overcome the problem more and more difficult to meet the new era, the article puts forward the solfeggio Curriculum under new new requirements. But the transformation is imperative. What kind of teaching mode is optimized, high-quality teaching mode? Where is the direction of the transformation?
The teaching mode is put forward based on certain theory and educational thoughts, is a kind of teaching theory, teaching thought or simplified form of learning theory, each mode has an inherent theoretical basis, purpose and uniqueness and is determined by the teaching mode, so the theoretical basis of teaching mode research is the premise of the teaching models.
Learning theory can be said to be one of the most developed areas of psychology, it explores the teaching mode from the perspective of "how to learn", has a significant impact on the education idea and teaching reform of many subjects, is bound to the solfeggio course. The impact of behaviorism, cognitivism, humanism as a teaching mode three classic learning theory of solfeggio, maximum penetration.
The behavioral learning theory under the influence of the Solfeggio teaching mode to cultivate students' perception ability of music as the main target. Pay attention to the theory of knowledge and skills learning, the "stimulus response reinforcement" method such as a process of listening training is widely used. Only stay in the understanding of music experience and perception stage, only memory, reproduction, without requiring the understanding and use of teaching and learning, is a simple one-way feedback relationship is isolated, one-sided, the mechanical properties of metaphysics, is a relatively simple, low-level teaching mode.
Consider the cognitive theory under the influence of the Solfeggio teaching mode of the students' cognitive law and on the overall grasp on the laws of internal knowledge and learning from music work as a whole, emphasize knowledge understanding, internalization process and recombination. In the course of the organization better meet the students' habits of listening and hearing thinking is a more advanced, more meaningful teaching mode. The students are no longer passive mechanical training, but can actively participate in learning and thinking in the music, the music appreciation of students has a positive meaning.
The Humanism learning theory under the influence of the Solfeggio teaching mode emphasizes students as the center of teaching, and the emotional significance of environmental and other non intellectual factors in the teaching process. Is an emphasis on "knowledge, love, meaning," integration, promote the overall development of student's ability and personality. Compound teaching mode. The current open education more in line with the concept, to achieve the solfeggio curriculum teaching objectives of the new period better.
Teaching mode is always related to the level of politics, culture, technology, economy and education in a certain historical period. We should keep pace with the times in the choice of teaching mode, and choose the appropriate teaching mode according to the change of teaching objects and contents.
Since entering the new century, the society, the development of science and technology change rapidly, the theory of innovation development, improve the level of national music education, the integration of the global economy, cultural diversity has become an inevitable trend, these have created favorable conditions for the transformation of Solfeggio teaching pattern, but also laid the foundation for the transformation and development of Solfeggio teaching mode.
The use of the three learning theories to guide our Solfeggio Teaching Reform and practice, the establishment of music skills operating system with music behavior skill as the characteristic, to construct the cognitive system of characteristic structure of cognitive thinking, to cultivate emotion will for the characteristics of the affective system of "three in one" teaching mode is our Solfeggio teaching mode the ultimate goal.

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：J613.1-4

【引证文献】