明代的乐户

发布时间：2018-03-24 15:31

本文选题：明代　切入点：乐户　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 乐户是中国古代专门从事音乐歌舞的一个群体。作为一个专业世袭的贱民群体,乐户最早出现于北魏时期,续存于北朝、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清各代,到雍正时期才因废除乐籍而逐渐消失。其中,明代乐户及其管理制度最具特色。首先,明代乐户来源广泛,除继承前代乐户外,还有把部分蒙古后人罚为乐户、把一些民间艺人、妓女籍为或买为乐户等来源,更有特色的是永乐时把建文忠臣的妻女打入乐籍,这在前代是十分罕见的。其次,明代乐户的法律和社会地位都十分低下。统治者在法律上对他们的服饰、行动、婚姻等都做出了种种歧视性的规定,在法律惩处上也要比其他的阶层残酷的多。这必然导致其社会地位的低下。不仅一般乐户受到社会的普遍歧视,甚至管理乐户的官员也以当教坊官为耻,而武宗时个别伶官地位的提高只是特例而已。其三,明代乐户为传承和发展中国古代的音乐舞蹈艺术做出了杰出的贡献,由于他们广泛服务于国家典礼和社会生活的各个层面,所以成为当时国家政治生活和多种社会活动中不可或缺的一部分,成为明代音乐舞蹈艺术的主要从事和发展者。其四,由于在京师和王府提供服务的乐户可获得免费衣食,尤其是在京师服役的乐户赶上节日还可能得到皇帝的赏赐,因此他们的生活状况得到较多的保障。而相比之下,地方上乐户的经济状况就差了许多。在明代乐户中,还出现了一些对社会和历史产生了一定影响的人物,如马湘兰、顾媚、卞赛等,他们不仅在音乐、词曲、书法、绘画等艺术方面做出自身独特的贡献,而且其爱国情操也远在当时许多七尺男儿之上。
[Abstract]:Is specializing in the China music family ancient music and dance of a group. As a professional hereditary Dalit groups, music families first appeared in the Northern Wei Dynasty, exist in the Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, to the time of Yong Zheng repealed the music gradually disappear. Among them, the Ming Dynasty music household and its management system is the most characteristic. Firstly, the Ming Dynasty music family sources, in addition to the succession to the former generation of outdoor music, and part of the punishment for the descendants of the Mongolia music family, some folk artists, prostitutes books or buy music for households and other sources, more characteristics of Yongle to Jian Wenzhong Chen's wife and daughter into the music, which is very rare in the previous generation. Secondly, households in the legal and social status of the Ming Dynasty music is very low. The rulers of action on their costumes, in law, marriage and make all sorts of discriminatory provisions, the legal punishment is stronger than the other class. This must be cruel Due to the low social status. Not only the general music family widespread discrimination in society, and even music family management officials as officer Jiaofang ashamed and Wu Tsung Ling to improve the position of individual officer was just a special case. Third, the Ming Dynasty music family inheritance and development of China ancient dance music made outstanding contribution to dance art, because each aspect of their wide range of services in the national ceremony and social life, it became a national political life and various social activities has become an indispensable part, mainly engaged in the development of the Ming Dynasty and the art of music and dance. Fourth, due to provide services in the capital and Palace music families can get free food and clothing, especially in the service of the music festival households may also get the emperor's gift, so their living conditions more security. By contrast, the local music family economic status is poor Many.
In the Ming Dynasty music families, there are also some has certain influence on the social and historical figures, such as Ma Xianglan, Gu Mei, Bian Sai, they not only in music, poetry, calligraphy, and made its own unique contribution to painting, but also in patriotism when many seven feet tall.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：J609.2

【引证文献】