湘西桑植县白族民歌风格与演唱探究

发布时间：2018-03-29 16:37

本文选题：湘西桑植　切入点：白族民歌　出处：《湖南师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 桑植白族,是个能歌善舞的民族,他们的先民,是从云南大理迁徙而来的。他们的聚居区地处武陵山脉腹地,位于湘西北边陲,在大山连绵的天然蔽遮下,自主自治独立的生态环境下度过漫漫近千年。他们有语言无文字,所创造的文化,多以口头代代相传,民歌就是他们创作的口头文学与音乐的结合。这里山青水秀的自然环境决定了桑植白族人们交流盛情、倾慕爱恋最便捷之法就是以歌代语,以歌传情。这种以歌代书的形式形成了其内涵丰富、形式多样、纯朴古拙的民间音乐。但随着社会生产力的飞速发展,桑植白族人们传统生活方式的改变,纯正的白族民歌将渐渐失去它固有的生态文化土壤,使得白族音乐文化的传承日趋濒危。桑植白族民歌是我国传统音乐文化的精髓,是穿越数千年时光流淌至今的中华音乐文化血脉,为了使他不在我们这一代手中断流、干涸,让这活着的民族文化化石——珍贵的桑植白族音乐文化遗产完好的保存下来,我们应竭尽全力来保护她、传承她。本着这一想法,本文以桑植县白族民歌为研究对象,共分为四个章节,对已发掘整理的桑植县白族民歌的类型、风格特征以及演唱形式与演唱方法展开讨论并进行深入分析研究,期望笔者的浅俗研究能够成为我国民族声乐艺术发展道路上的引玉之砖。第一章桑植县白族民歌的文化背景。本章主要围绕着人文历史因素和自然生态环境这两方面来论述桑植县白族民歌的文化背景。第二章桑植县白族民歌类型及特征。本章主要介绍了桑植县白族民歌的类型及风格特征。桑植县白族民歌主要有：咏唱历史的源流歌、高亢嘹亮的山歌、欢快喜庆的花灯调、质朴淳厚的小调、含蓄风趣的情歌、歌随情发的哭嫁歌、诙谐逗趣的盘歌、简短通俗的童谣和原始古朴的祭祀调等。关于桑植县白族民歌的风格特征,我们从以下两方面来阐述：1、桑植县白族民歌的艺术特色。2、桑植县白族民歌的旋律特征。第三章桑植县白族民歌演唱探析。本章主要阐述了桑植县白族民歌的演唱形式与演唱方法,它的演唱主要有：1、无伴奏的独唱。2、一领众和的领唱、齐唱。3、不同场合的表演唱。4、独具魅力的对唱等形式。在演唱方法上,桑植县白族民歌艺术家们非常强调以下几点：1、气息的运用；2、共鸣的调节；3、喉头的把握；4、咬字吐字的掌握；5、润腔的独特等。第四章关于白族民歌演唱的几点思考。桑植县白族民歌是我国珍贵的非物质文化遗产和宝贵的精神食粮,在当前民族地域文化生态土壤必然日益变化和衰竭的情况下,保护和传承它是我们当代声乐工作者应该做的重要工作。如何让我们的创作和演唱充满白族民风,又如何在演唱中饱含深厚的民族情感,这都是我们应认真思考的问题。我们只有深入了解桑植县白族的民俗生活,掌握桑植县白族语言特点与民歌演唱风格,不断加强自身的艺术修养,才能更好的理解和传达其民歌的文化内涵。
[Abstract]:Sangzhi Bai, is a singing and dancing, their ancestors are from Yunnan and Dali to migrate. They inhabited areas located in the Wuling mountains is located in the hinterland of Xiangxi, the border, in the Mountains Mountain Natural shadowing, ecological environment under independent autonomy through the long nearly a thousand years. They have no written language that created culture, with oral folk oral literature is be handed down from age to age, and their music creation combination. Here Shanqingshuixiu natural environment determines the Sangzhi Bai people like love hospitality, the easiest way is to song generation language, to the song teaser. This song will form its rich connotation, a variety of forms, simple Antique folk music.
But with the rapid development of social productivity, Sangzhi Bai People's traditional life style change, pure Bai folk will gradually lose its inherent ecological culture, the Bai nationality music culture inheritance are becoming endangered. Sangzhi Bai folk songs are the essence of our traditional music culture, through thousands of years has flowed the blood of Chinese music culture in order to make, he is not in our hands of this generation drying up, dry, let the living fossils preserve the precious national culture -- Sangzhi Bai nationality music cultural heritage preserved down, we should try our best to protect her and her inheritance. Based on this idea, this paper takes Sangzhi County Bai folk songs as the research object, is divided into four a section of excavated in Sangzhi County Bai folk finishing type, style and form of singing and singing method is discussed in-depth analysis and research, expect the pen Shallow researchers can become Chinese folk music on the road to the bait.
The first chapter is about the cultural background of Bai nationality folk songs in Sangzhi county. This chapter mainly discusses the cultural background of Bai nationality folk songs in Sangzhi county from two aspects: the humanities and historical factors and the natural ecological environment.
The types and characteristics of the second chapter Sangzhi County Bai folk songs. This chapter mainly introduces the types and style characteristics of Sangzhi county. Sangzhi County Bai Bai folk songs are: the origin of song chant history, pitched loud songs, cheerful festive lantern, simple and honest, minor, subtle humorous songs, songs with the emotion wedding song, humorous funny song, short popular rhymes and primitive ritual regulation. Style characteristics of Sangzhi County Bai folk songs, we from the following two aspects: 1, Sangzhi County Bai folk art features.2, melody features of Bai folk in Sangzhi county.
The third chapter of Sangzhi County folk songs. This chapter mainly expounds the form of singing and singing folk songs of Bai in Sangzhi County, which mainly include: 1, singing a cappella solo.2, a collar and the public singing, singing.3,.4 sing in different occasions, the unique charm of the duet form in concert. The method, Sangzhi County Bai folk artists emphasize the following points: 1, the use of breath; 2, resonance adjustment; 3, the throat grasp; 4, articulation master; 5, runqiang unique.
Reflections on Bai folk singing chapter fourth. Sangzhi County Bai folk song is our precious intangible cultural heritage and precious spiritual food, in the current national and regional cultural and ecological changes and soil inevitably failure situation, the protection and inheritance of it is an important work of our contemporary vocal music workers should do how to make. Our writing and singing with Bai folk, how in singing full of deep feelings of the people, this is what we should seriously consider the issue. Only when we understand the Sangzhi County Bai folk life, grasp the Sangzhi County Bai language characteristics and folk singing style, strengthen their own artistic accomplishment, in order to better understand and convey the folk cultural connotation.

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：J607

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