论湘西土家族民歌的演唱特征
发布时间：2019-06-05 10:29
【摘要】： 湘西,是一个即神秘又充满诱惑的地方,一个拥有多元文化的地方,一个集土家族、苗族、白族、侗族等多个民族音乐文化于一身的宝地。其中,土家族是一个非常古老的民族,人口众多,拥有着古远的歌舞文化,早在武王伐纣时就有记载。土家族的民歌有着悠久的历史和独特的魅力。笔者自小生活在湖南张家界,对湘西土家族的民歌耳熟能详,同时也被其深深吸引：那高亢嘹亮的山歌；那优美抒情的小调；那感人肺腑的婚嫁歌；那神秘晦涩的梯玛歌等等,都在我脑海中打下了深深的烙印。与此同时,笔者发现湘西土家族民歌具有自身独特的演唱风格：歌唱中诸多的颤音、波音、滑音、依音等润腔,以及说与唱巧妙相结合的处理,使得山歌粗犷中不失礼仪；小调抒情中不乏泼辣,处处彰显出湘西土家人坚强、乐观、热情、直率而又细腻的个性。笔者作为土家族人,对湘西土家族的音乐十分热爱,尤其是对其中的民歌,有着十分深厚的情感。面对目前湘西土家族民歌的传唱日益减少的境况,笔者作为一名声乐学习者与研究者,深感有责任和义务为此做一点工作,这也是写作本文的目的所在。 本文以史料、综合文献、采风资料以及笔者多年来对土家族歌曲演唱的经历为依据,以民族音乐相关的理论和民族声乐歌唱的方法为支撑,对湘西土家族民歌的特征、演唱风格做了较为详细的论述。文章共分为四大部分,第一章简单介绍了湘西土家族的来历、地理环境与人文风俗,并用比较的方法分析论述了湘西土家族民歌的来源；第二章介绍了湘西土家族民歌的种类,用归纳演绎的方法阐述了其各类民歌的歌词与音乐特征；第三章阐明了湘西土家族各类民歌的演唱形式,用归纳总结的方法,对一些特殊演唱,如：婚嫁歌中的哭腔、山歌中的甩腔、梯玛歌中的摇移音的唱法,以及湘西土家族各类民歌中颤音的密集处理、波音由疏到密、前后依音的延长等演唱风格,做了较为详细的论述；结论部分阐述了准确把握地方文化对演唱土家族民歌的必要性,以及笔者对于土家族民歌现状的几点思考与提议。 湘西土家族民歌有着自身独特的风格,但民歌的传唱每况日下,其中一些歌种甚至已濒临消亡,非物质文化遗产的保护要求已非常迫切。笔者希望社会了解湘西土家族民歌的演唱风格,体会到其民歌演唱的魅力,保护非物质文化遗产,推动湘西土家族民歌的不断向前发展,使土家族民歌在民歌世界的璀璨银河中永放光华。
[Abstract]:Xiangxi is a mysterious and seductive place, a place with multiculturalism, a treasure land with Tujia, Miao, Bai, Dong and other ethnic music cultures. Among them, Tujia is a very ancient nation, with a large population, with ancient song and dance culture, as early as King Wu logging Zhou has been recorded. Tujia folk songs have a long history and unique charm. Since I was a child in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, the author is familiar with the folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan, and is also deeply attracted by them: the loud and loud folk songs; the beautiful lyric minor; the touching wedding songs; That mysterious and obscure Tamar song and so on, have laid a deep imprint in my mind. At the same time, the author finds that the Tujia folk songs in western Hunan have their own unique singing style: many vibrato in singing, Boeing, slippage, music and so on, as well as the treatment of the clever combination of speaking and singing, so that the folk songs are rugged without losing etiquette; In minor lyric, there is no lack of pungent, showing Xiangxi Tujia strong, optimistic, enthusiastic, straightforward and delicate personality. As a Tujia, the author loves the music of Tujia in western Hunan, especially the folk songs. In the face of the decreasing singing of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan, the author, as a vocal music learner and researcher, has the responsibility and obligation to do some work for this purpose, which is also the purpose of writing this article. Based on the historical materials, comprehensive literature, wind data and the author's singing experience of Tujia songs over the years, based on the theories related to national music and the methods of national vocal music singing, this paper deals with the characteristics of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan. The singing style is discussed in detail. The article is divided into four parts. The first chapter briefly introduces the origin, geographical environment and human customs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan, and analyzes and discusses the source of folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan by means of comparison. The second chapter introduces the types of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan, and expounds the lyrics and music characteristics of all kinds of folk songs by means of induction and deduction. The third chapter expounds the singing forms of all kinds of folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan, and uses the method of induction and summary to sing some special songs, such as: crying in marriage songs, swinging in folk songs, singing in Tema songs. As well as the dense treatment of vibrato in all kinds of folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan, Boeing's singing style from sparse to dense, the extension of sound before and after, has been discussed in detail. The conclusion part expounds the necessity of accurately grasping the local culture for singing Tujia folk songs, as well as the author's thoughts and suggestions on the present situation of Tujia folk songs. Folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan have their own unique style, but with the passing of folk songs, some of them are even on the verge of extinction, and the protection of intangible cultural heritage is very urgent. The author hopes that the society will understand the singing style of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan, experience the charm of singing folk songs, protect intangible cultural heritage, and promote the continuous development of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan. Make Tujia folk songs shine forever in the bright Milky way of folk song world.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：J616.2
本文编号：2493465
[Abstract]:Xiangxi is a mysterious and seductive place, a place with multiculturalism, a treasure land with Tujia, Miao, Bai, Dong and other ethnic music cultures. Among them, Tujia is a very ancient nation, with a large population, with ancient song and dance culture, as early as King Wu logging Zhou has been recorded. Tujia folk songs have a long history and unique charm. Since I was a child in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, the author is familiar with the folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan, and is also deeply attracted by them: the loud and loud folk songs; the beautiful lyric minor; the touching wedding songs; That mysterious and obscure Tamar song and so on, have laid a deep imprint in my mind. At the same time, the author finds that the Tujia folk songs in western Hunan have their own unique singing style: many vibrato in singing, Boeing, slippage, music and so on, as well as the treatment of the clever combination of speaking and singing, so that the folk songs are rugged without losing etiquette; In minor lyric, there is no lack of pungent, showing Xiangxi Tujia strong, optimistic, enthusiastic, straightforward and delicate personality. As a Tujia, the author loves the music of Tujia in western Hunan, especially the folk songs. In the face of the decreasing singing of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan, the author, as a vocal music learner and researcher, has the responsibility and obligation to do some work for this purpose, which is also the purpose of writing this article. Based on the historical materials, comprehensive literature, wind data and the author's singing experience of Tujia songs over the years, based on the theories related to national music and the methods of national vocal music singing, this paper deals with the characteristics of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan. The singing style is discussed in detail. The article is divided into four parts. The first chapter briefly introduces the origin, geographical environment and human customs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan, and analyzes and discusses the source of folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan by means of comparison. The second chapter introduces the types of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan, and expounds the lyrics and music characteristics of all kinds of folk songs by means of induction and deduction. The third chapter expounds the singing forms of all kinds of folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan, and uses the method of induction and summary to sing some special songs, such as: crying in marriage songs, swinging in folk songs, singing in Tema songs. As well as the dense treatment of vibrato in all kinds of folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan, Boeing's singing style from sparse to dense, the extension of sound before and after, has been discussed in detail. The conclusion part expounds the necessity of accurately grasping the local culture for singing Tujia folk songs, as well as the author's thoughts and suggestions on the present situation of Tujia folk songs. Folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan have their own unique style, but with the passing of folk songs, some of them are even on the verge of extinction, and the protection of intangible cultural heritage is very urgent. The author hopes that the society will understand the singing style of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan, experience the charm of singing folk songs, protect intangible cultural heritage, and promote the continuous development of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan. Make Tujia folk songs shine forever in the bright Milky way of folk song world.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：J616.2
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