楚雄昙华乡彝族插花节仪式音乐研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 13:25

本文关键词： 插花节梅葛毕摩　出处：《中央民族大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国地域辽阔,地质气象多样,形成了不同的生产方式和生活方式,也形成了不同的文化及不同的审美观。尤其是我国的少数民族,大多生活在祖国的边疆地区,受那里特殊的地理位置、气候特征、生活方式的影响,其文化多样、歌舞多彩。我国少数民族具有不同的宗教信仰,概括起来可分为原始宗教和神学宗教。通过图像、文字等资料考证,原始宗教在我国早在五千年前就已形成,对我国的文化、生活、审美等都产生了深远的影响,虽然神学宗教已成为现在人们的主要信仰,但仍有一些少数民族信仰在原始宗教。原始宗教为多神论、万物有灵,在我国少数民族的宗教祭祀活动中最常见的是有关于风雨雷电、日月星辰、江河湖海、山林树木、动物植物等的崇拜和信仰。其中,楚雄彝族自治州大姚县昙华乡的彝族人崇拜马缨花,这种崇拜源于一个古老而凄美的神话传说,由此诞生了该地区的插花节。插花节在千百年的传承中成为仅次于彝族年最盛大隆重的节日,也成为当地文化、宗教、娱乐的标志性节日。如今,随着科学技术信息网络的发展,原始宗教信仰逐渐淡薄,但它作为一种特殊的文化符号记载着该族群的历史、宗教、文化等信息。为了保护插花节仪式文化,插花节被列为云南省省级非物质文化遗产项目。当地政府把其作为一个旅游产业,成为“世界一百个著名的民族传统节日之一。”每年的插花节都会迎来四方的香客、学者、摄影爱好者、游客等,最多时可达万余人。昙华彝人在农历二月初八这天把马缨花插到门口、田边；插到老人头帕上,情侣发髻边；系在家中牲畜头上等等祈求五谷丰登、六畜兴旺、幸福吉祥、生活美满。盛大的迎宾仪式、歌舞表演、篝火狂欢、商贸活动等也为插花节增添了色彩。改革开放以来,社会发生了变化,经济的发展带动了文化的发展,传统文化越来越受到现代文明、外来文明的冲击。插花节目前正处于传统文化与现代生活、现代意识的转型期,现代文化对其的变迁与发展产生了巨大的推动力,使得插花节从内容到形式都发生着流变。插花节是昙华文化的一个集合,在目前受到现代文明冲击下,怎么保护、如何拯救迫在眉急,要想插花节能够不丢失传统并且融入现代文明,保持民族特色,延续节日文化的文脉,就必须处理好插花节的传承保护工作。大姚县体育文化局目前正在将大姚彝族插花节申报为云南省第二批非物质文化遗产项目,并积极地挖掘整理昙华乡的有关资料。本文通过实地考察、查阅历史文献、进行问卷调查、视频记录插花节仪式音乐对昙华彝族插花节进行认真系统的分析研究,并对收集到的资料进行了客观、逻辑的比较、思考、归纳、整理。除绪论外,共分四章：第一章背景介绍共分为两节,第一节自然背景从地理位置、气候环境等两个方面进行阐述；第二节社会背景从民族来源、社会形态、宗教信仰等三方面进行分析；第二章昙华乡插花节仪式共分为两节,第一节从仪式源起、仪式程序、仪式功能等三个方面阐述了插花节仪式；第二节从仪式环境、采花、插花、迎宾、祭花神、歌舞乐表演等几个方面进行了田野实录。第三章音乐形态分析从音阶、调式、节奏、节拍、唱词、唱腔、旋法、结构等几个方面分别对插花节仪式音乐中的民间歌曲、舞蹈音乐、器乐和毕摩经进行了分析。第四章插花节仪式音乐的传承与保护共分为三节,第一节论述了插花节仪式音乐的传承与保护的意义；第二节探究了插花节仪式音乐的传承与保护的现状；第三节对插花节仪式音乐的传承与保护的一些启发。有关昙华彝族插花节民俗文化的文献和著作比较少,研究插花节仪式音乐的文献尚未查到。我在研究过程中整理并分析了搜集到的书籍和实况录像,用了定性分析和定量分析进行研究,且分别从局内人和局外人的角度,既“融入”又“跳出”来对插花节仪式音乐进行探究。此外还用到了宏观与微观、比较研究的方法、音乐形态分析法、历史研究法,运用逆向考察法等研究方法,把插花节仪式放入它特定的文化背景中从音乐的角度去研究昙华彝族插花节,真实地记录并分析了插花节上的仪式音乐,整理保护即将失传的曲调,对插花节的传承与保护尽了一份微薄之力。
[Abstract]:China's vast territory, meteorological geological diversity, the formation of different ways of production and life, but also the formation of different cultures and different aesthetic values. Especially the minorities in China, mostly living in the frontier of the motherland, there are special geographical location, climate characteristics, the influence of the way of life, the cultural diversity, and colorful.
China's ethnic minorities has different religious beliefs, it can be divided into primitive religion and religious theology. Through the images, text and other information research, the primitive religion in China as early as thousand years ago has been formed, on China's culture, life, aesthetic has profound influence, although the theology of religion has been now the main beliefs of the people, but there are still some ethnic minorities in the primitive religion. Primitive religion as polytheism, animism, the most common in our country minority religious worship in a lightning storm, moon and stars, rivers and lakes, plants such as Yamabayashi Kiki, animal worship and belief.
Among them, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture Dayao County township of Tanhua Yi people worship mayinghua, this worship originated from an ancient and beautiful legend, was born in the area. Flowers flower arrangement Festival become in thousands of years after the year of heritage Yi grand festival, has become the local culture, religion, entertainment the symbol of the Festival.
Now, with the development of science and technology information network, the primitive religious beliefs gradually weak, but it is a kind of special cultural symbol records of the ethnic history, religious, cultural and other information. In order to protect the flower festival ritual culture, flower festival was listed as the provincial intangible cultural heritage project in Yunnan Province. The local government as a tourist industry, has become the world's one hundred famous traditional festivals. The annual flower arrangement festival will usher in four pilgrims, scholars, photographers, tourists, most up to million people.
On the 8th day of the second month of the Chinese lunar calendar the Tanhua Yi mayinghua inserted into the door, the edge of the field; the elderly couple is inserted into the headband, hair edge at home; Department of livestock and so on to pray for a bumper grain harvest, The domestic animals are all thriving., happy and auspicious happy life. And the grand welcome ceremony, song and dance performances, bonfires, business activity also adds color to the flowers.
Since the reform and opening up, the change in social and economic development led to the development of culture, traditional culture more and more modern civilization, the impact of foreign culture. The former is in a flower show of traditional culture and modern life, during the transition period of modern consciousness, modern culture has a great impetus to the change and development of the flower, the from content to form a flow.
Flower Festival is a collection of Tanhua culture, how to protect in the impact of modern civilization, and how to save the urgently needed, to flowers can not lose the traditional and modern civilization, maintain national characteristics, the continuation of festivals and cultural context, we must deal with the flower arrangement Festival heritage protection work of Dayao County sports. The cultural bureau is currently Dayao Yi flower arrangement festival in Yunnan province for the declaration of the second batch of intangible cultural heritage projects, and actively organize relevant data mining Tanhua township.
This paper through on-the-spot investigation, historical documents, questionnaires, video recording of flower arrangement Festival ritual music system of Tanhua Yi serious flower arrangement Festival, and the collected data were objective, logical thinking, comparison, induction, consolidation. Except the introduction, is divided into four chapters: the first chapter background this is divided into two sections, the first section of the natural background from two aspects: geographical location, climate and so on; the second section from the social background of ethnic origin, social form, religious belief and other three aspects of the analysis; the second chapter Tanhua Township Flower Festival ceremony is divided into two sections, the first section from ritual origin, ritual, three a ritual function describes the flower arrangement Festival ceremony; the second section from the ceremony, flowers, flowers, blossom, flower festival, several dance music performances and other aspects of the field record. In the third chapter, morphological analysis of music from the scale , tonality, rhythm, rhythm, lyrics, melody, melody, structure and other aspects of flowers in the ritual music of folk songs, dance music, instrumental music and Bimo are analyzed. The inheritance and protection of the fourth chapter flower arrangement Festival ceremony music is divided into three sections, the first section discusses the inheritance and protection flower arrangement Festival ceremony music significance; second section explores the status of protection and inheritance of flower arrangement Festival ceremony music; some inspiration in section third the inheritance and protection of flower arrangement Festival ceremony music.
The flower arrangement festival folk culture Tanhua Yi literature and books to study less, flower arrangement Festival ceremony music literature has not yet been found. I am finishing in the process of research and analysis of the collected books and live video, using qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and separately from the insiders and outsiders, both "integration" and "jump" to explore the flower arrangement Festival ritual music. In addition, the use of macro and micro, comparative research method, analysis of music form, historical research method, by using the method of reverse investigation, put it into a flower arrangement Festival ceremony specific cultural background to study flower festival from Tanhua Yi the point of view of music, record and analysis of the flower festival on the ritual music, finishing protection about lost tunes, inheritance and protection to the flower festival as a modest.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J607;K892.1

【参考文献】