呼吸方式对喉头位置、声带运动和发高音的影响

发布时间：2018-03-25 07:02

本文选题：胸腹式联合呼吸　切入点：喉头位置　出处：《中央音乐学院》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：呼吸方式的好坏直接影响到歌唱状态的好坏,不仅表现在为歌唱提供动力支持,同时对歌唱时的喉头位置、声带运动也会产生影响。而喉头位置是否稳定、声带运动是否自由,直接影响到音质、音色的变化和发高音的能力,同时对嗓音疲劳耐受性和嗓音健康也有影响。国内外学者一致认为最佳的歌唱呼吸方式应当采用胸腹式联合呼吸方式,即保持胸骨站定、腰肋部扩张,发音时腹部内收,膈肌与腹肌相互对抗的呼吸方式。但从临床实践和歌手演唱中发现,很多歌手嗓子出现问题、唱高音困难与其呼吸使用不当、不够准确有直接关系。为此本文以26名美声唱法歌手为研究对象,通过采用调查问卷(26人)、临床喉镜检测(26人)、歌唱状态评估(24人)以及呼吸带的使用(3人)等方法,观察他们在歌唱发声时的姿势和呼吸运动的方式,随发高音喉头变化的情况以及声带随发高音是否能够伸展等方面,试图找到困扰和影响人们歌唱以及发高音困难的呼吸原因,进一步提醒广大声乐教师以及学生要重视呼吸问题,要在呼吸上下功夫,不仅要懂得歌唱呼吸的原理,更要做到身体力行、知行统一研究结论如下：一、从对26名被试者问卷调查结果上看,有14人(54%)在歌唱时存在气息不够用的情况,这14人中有7人没有采用胸腹式联合呼吸的方式,尽管人们公认胸腹式呼吸的方式是歌唱所要用的最好的呼吸方式,但为什么仍有四分之一的人没有采用胸腹式联合呼吸方式,这是值得人们深思的一个问题。二、从对26名被试者喉镜检查结果看,有16人存在不同程度的张嘴伸舌发[衣]不准确的情况,占62%。而这16人中,有12人出现高音困难,占75%。这12名高音困难者中有8人没有采用胸腹式联合呼吸的方式。这不难看出,呼吸方式的好坏与喉腔是否放松打开和唱高音的能力之间有某种联动关系。三、从对26名被试者喉镜检测结果上看,有24人(92%)借助于室带、会厌的代偿运动缩短喉部发音管的长短唱高音,与21人喉头随发高音上提明显的比例相当。这一现象说明很少人能真正做到歌唱时不借助于喉外肌的力量来发高音,看来真正能够做到唱在气流上的人是很不容易的。四、我们知道,吸气状态的好坏直接影响到歌唱状态的好坏,本次研究中发现,仍有17人有明显的耸肩、抬胸的动作,占总体人数的71%。这种吸气动作既不利于膈肌和喉头的下降、喉外肌的放松,更不利于声带的运动和高音的解决,是必须要克服的一个问题。五、通过对14名高音不方便者呼吸方式的观察,9名没有使用胸腹式联合呼吸方式的被试者全在此行列中。尽管有5名被试者使用胸腹式联合呼吸方式,但由于其在高音时无法保持胸部的外扩、喉头的稳定,仍然造成了高音困难。因此我们建议无论生理条件如何,若不从呼吸上下功夫,即使训练多年也难以突破高音。六、15名使用胸腹式联合呼吸方式的被试者中,平均学习声乐年限为7年,10名唱高音方便者全在此行列中。而9名没有使用胸腹式联合呼吸方式的被试者,平均学习声乐年限为7.5年,高音均不方便。这进一步说明,若呼吸方式不好,高音是否能解决与训练年限没有关系,而与呼吸方式的好坏直接有关。七、从对呼吸带的测量运用上来看,呼吸带可观察到被试者胸部、腹部的运动方式,进一步确定什么是胸腹式呼吸、什么是鼓肚呼吸,可以成为声乐教学观察和训练呼吸的一个辅助手段。
[Abstract]:The breathing pattern directly affects the state of singing is good or bad, not only in providing power support for singing, singing at the same time to when the position of larynx, the vocal cord movement will have an impact. And the position of larynx is stable, whether freedom of vocal cord movement, directly affects the quality and ability of tone changes and soprano, also effect of voice fatigue tolerance and vocal health.
The domestic and foreign scholars think that the best way of singing breath should be used in thoracic abdominal breathing, which keeps the sternum stand, waist rib expansion, pronounced abdominal adduction, diaphragm and abdominal muscles against each other breathing method. But in clinical practice and singer found that many singers sing the treble voice problems. The difficulty with breathing improper use, is not accurate enough to have a direct relationship.
This paper takes the 26 bel canto singers as the research object, by using the questionnaire (26), clinical detection (26), laryngoscope singing state assessment (24) and the use of breathing zone (3) and other methods, to observe them in singing posture and breathing exercises, with the hair treble throat variations and vocal cords with soprano is able to stretch and so on, trying to find the reason of respiratory distress and affect people singing and high difficulty, further to remind the majority of teachers and students should pay attention to vocal breathing problems, to breathe on in Kung Fu, not only to understand the principle of singing breath, to do more practice the unity of knowledge and Practice
The conclusions are as follows:
One of 26 subjects from the questionnaire survey results, 14 people (54%). Not enough conditions exist in the singing, 7 people did not use the chest abdomen combined breathing way of the 14, although people accepted the chest abdominal breathing way is the best way to breath in singing to use, but why there are still 1/4 people without the thoracic abdominal breathing, this is a question worth pondering.
Two, from the 26 subjects laryngoscopy results, 16 people have different degrees of mouth Shenshe hair [] clothes not accurate, accounting for 62%. of the 16, 12 people have high difficulties, 8 people did not use the chest abdomen combined breathing mode accounted for 75%. of the 12 a difficult. It is not difficult to see that there is some relationship between quality and laryngeal cavity breathing patterns are relaxed and open the soprano.
Three, from the 26 subjects on the laryngoscope inspection results, there are 24 people (92%) with the help of room, the compensatory motion of the epiglottis throat tube length shortened pronunciation sing soprano, and 21 people with high lift throat ratio is quite obvious. This phenomenon shows that very few people can really sing without the help of laryngeal muscle strength to treble, it seems really can sing in the air is not very easy.
Four, we know that the suction state directly affects the state of singing is found in this study, there are still 17 people have significant shrug, lift chest movements, this decline accounted for 71%. of the overall number of breathing movements is not conducive to the diaphragm and larynx, laryngeal muscle relaxation, but not conducive to to solve the vocal fold movement and treble, is a problem that must be overcome.
Five, through the 14 treble inconvenient observer breathing patterns, 9 did not use the chest abdomen combined breathing subjects in the ranks. Although there are 5 subjects with thoracic abdominal breathing, but due to its inability to keep expanding the chest in the treble, throat stable, still caused difficulties. We suggest that the treble regardless of physiological conditions, if not from the upper and lower respiratory effort, even if it is difficult to break through years of training notes.
Six, 15 patients with thoracic abdominal breathing mode of subjects, the average learning vocal music for 7 years, 10 were all in this convenient to sing high ranks. While the 9 did not use the chest abdomen combined breathing subjects, the average learning vocal music for 7.5 years, the treble is not convenient this is further explained, if breathing is not good, the treble is able to solve the Never mind and years of training, and breathing patterns directly.
Seven, from the measurement of respiratory belt, breathing belt can observe the movement of subjects' chest and abdomen, and further determine what chest and abdominal breathing and bulging breathing can become an auxiliary means for observing and training breathing in vocal music teaching.

【学位授予单位】：中央音乐学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J616

【参考文献】