奥尔夫教学法在器乐集体课教学中的应用

发布时间：2018-09-18 14:01

【摘要】：传统器乐教学以师徒相承、个别授课为主要形式,它具有许多显而易见的优点,但也存在着许多非科学化的倾向。近二十余年来在中国兴起的少儿器乐热,极大地促进了音乐的普及化,也培养了大批音乐后备人才。但是也存在着许多误区和弊端。在提倡素质教育的今天,器乐教学也应以人为本,着重培养学生的综合能力,改变单一、枯燥的教学方式,选择一种适合学生需求和发展的教学方法。由当代德国著名作曲家、儿童音乐教育家卡尔·奥尔夫(Karl Orff,1895-1982)首创,后经许多专家继承与发展而形成的奥尔夫音乐教学教等法体系,以“原本性音乐”作为自己的标识,遵循儿童身心发展规律,符合儿童认知特点,依据儿童接受能力,从朗诵入手进入节奏教学,结合身体动作进行节奏训练,利用打击乐器培养儿童的表演能力和创造能力,借助游戏、演奏、图谱欣赏、语言朗诵、音乐故事、“人体乐器”、“节奏基石”、美术舞蹈、作曲识谱等多种形式和手段对儿童进行综合训练,成为举世公认的优秀音乐教学法。作者通过广泛的学习和深入的理论研究,针对传统器乐教学和业余器乐教学中存在的弊端,将奥尔夫教学法和其他优秀音乐教学法融入到器乐集体课教学当中,进行了大量的教学实验,获得了良好的教学效果,总结了一些行之有效的具体操作方法,达到了预期的研究目的。也为进一步系统研究器乐教学法积累了的课例和资料。本文主体分为两大部分。第一部分对奥尔夫教学法和其他优秀音乐教学法进行了简明扼要的阐述。第二部分在对器乐教学现状分析和对奥尔夫教学法本土化运用实践概述的背景下,着重介绍了作者所进行的器乐集体课教学实验的准备、实施与效果。其中包括乐理学习、节奏训练、听力训练、技巧训练、音乐表现力的培养、创造力的培养及其他综合素质的培养等行之有效的教学方案和课例。在文章结尾的总结部分,通过对课例实施过程和实验结果的反思,提出了“将多种优秀的音乐教学法融合到器乐教学当中”、“教学法要适合学生的需求和发展”、“新的教学方法和传统教学方法要相互渗透运用”等观点。
[Abstract]:The traditional instrumental music teaching takes the teacher and apprentice as the main form, it has many obvious advantages, but also has a lot of unscientific tendency. The popularity of instrumental music in China in the past twenty years has greatly promoted the popularization of music and trained a large number of music reserve talents. But there are also many misunderstandings and drawbacks. Today, when quality education is advocated, instrumental music teaching should also be people-oriented, focus on cultivating students' comprehensive ability, change the single, boring teaching method, and choose a teaching method suitable for the needs and development of students. Pioneered by Karl Orff,1895-1982, a famous composer and educator of children's music in contemporary Germany, Orf's music teaching and teaching system, which was inherited and developed by many experts, is characterized by "original music". Following the laws of children's physical and mental development, according to the children's cognitive characteristics, according to the children's ability to accept, starting from recitation into rhythm teaching, combined with physical movements to carry out rhythm training, using percussion instruments to train children's performance ability and creative ability, Children are trained in various forms and means such as games, performance, atlas appreciation, language recitation, musical stories, musical instruments, rhythmic footstones, art and dance, music composition, etc. Become the world recognized as an excellent music teaching method. Through extensive study and in-depth theoretical research, the author integrates Orff and other excellent music teaching methods into the collective teaching of instrumental music, aiming at the disadvantages of traditional instrumental music teaching and amateur instrumental music teaching. A large number of teaching experiments have been carried out, and good teaching results have been obtained, and some effective concrete operation methods have been summarized, which have achieved the expected research purpose. Also for further systematic study of instrumental teaching methods accumulated lessons and materials. The main body of this paper is divided into two parts. In the first part, Orff teaching method and other excellent music teaching methods are described concisely and concisely. In the second part, under the background of analyzing the present situation of instrumental music teaching and summarizing the native application of Orff's teaching method, the author emphatically introduces the preparation, implementation and effect of the teaching experiment of instrumental music collective class carried out by the author. Including music theory learning, rhythm training, listening training, skill training, music expression training, creativity training and other comprehensive quality training and other effective teaching programs and lesson examples. In the concluding part of the article, through the reflection on the implementation process and experimental results of the class examples, the author puts forward that "integrating various excellent musical teaching methods into instrumental music teaching", "teaching methods should be adapted to the needs and development of students", New teaching methods and traditional teaching methods should be applied to each other.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：J62-4

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