经典建构之路—《在路上》在中国的译介研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 03:05

本文选题：《在路上》 + 翻译文学　；参考：《安徽大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国作家杰克·凯鲁亚克(Jack Kerouac)的小说《在路上》(On the Road)1957年在美国一问世,就因为其叛逆的主题与即兴自发式的写作手法引起巨大争议。尽管小说出版后很长时期内批评界始终对作品褒贬不一,小说还是在文化、传媒、商业等各种因素的共谋之下逐渐获得了经典文学的地位,并最终于1972年被企鹅出版社列入了“企鹅现代经典”系列丛书。《在路上》在中国的文学旅行,实际上也经历了一个由边缘向中心演进的经典化过程,只不过这一过程更加漫长,跨越了半个多世纪的时间,并且是伴随着中文译本的不断更新逐步完成的。在上世纪60年代初,《在路上》以“黄皮书”的形式被译成中文内部发行,此时这部小说被打上了“反面教材”的标签,不仅不可能被视为经典,反而成为严厉批判的对象。但是,这部作品流传到社会上之后,却在那一时期的青年读者中引起了广泛共鸣,成为备受年轻人追捧的“启蒙读物”。这也为小说在国内的经典化埋下了种子。改革开放后,一些期刊文选在80年代已开始通过摘译的方式刊登《在路上》的赏析片段,虽然只有寥寥几个章节,但却可看作小说单行本翻译出版前的一个预热。直到1990年,漓江出版社出版了第一个公开发行的《在路上》译本,译本通过删节和简化等手段将原作在译入语文化中变形为一部通俗文学式的作品,提高了国内读者的阅读兴趣,确保了作品在当时社会文化语境中的可接受性。这个译本使不少国内读者了解到凯鲁亚克其人其作,对《在路上》在国内的普及起到了一定作用,也使小说今后在国内的“经典化”成为可能。 1998年《在路上》在大陆的第一个全译本问世,国内读者得以一览小说的全貌。译者文楚安通过副文本和具体的翻译文本对小说进行了一系列的“正名”,澄清了过去保守、僵化的文学观念导致的误读,突出了作品的积极意义。由于采取了符合译入语规范的归化翻译策略,并且为了迎合读者的期待视野对原作进行了一定的“再创作”,文楚安译本在读者群中受到了热烈追捧,这也进一步为《在路上》在国内的经典化奠定了坚实基础。最新出版的《在路上》是2006的王永年译本。这个译本在内容上是所有译本中最贴近原作的,也是所有译本中误译最少的,达到了译者尽可能忠实再现原作的翻译目的。更重要的是,王译本的出版引发了读者和社会各界的一系列反响,促使小说《在路上》的经典地位在我国翻译文学系统中最终得以确立。通过对小说《在路上》在我国的译介历程的研究,可以发现：一方面,这部作品在新的语言文化场域中的位置是随着整个社会文化大环境的变迁而改变的,这种改变伴随着译本的不断更新；另一方面,译本的不断更新又反过来影响文本地位的变化,最终使《在路上》在国内的翻译文学体系中完成了从边缘到中心、从非经典到经典的演进。
[Abstract]:The American writer Jack Kerouac's novel on the Road (1957) was published in the United States because of its rebellious theme and spontaneous writing techniques. Although the critics of the novel have been different for a long time since the publication of the novel, the novel has gradually acquired the status of classical literature under the complicity of culture, media, commerce and other factors. Finally, in 1972, Penguin Press listed it in the Penguin Modern Classic series. On the Road, the literary journey in China actually went through a process of classicalization from the edge to the center, but the process was much longer. It spans more than half a century and is gradually completed with the continuous updating of Chinese versions. In the early 1960s, "on the Road" was translated into Chinese for internal distribution in the form of "Yellow Book". At this time, the novel was labeled as a "negative textbook", which could not be regarded as a classic, but as a subject of severe criticism. However, after its spread to society, it resonated widely among the young readers of that period and became a popular "enlightening book" among young people. This also sows the seeds for the classic of the novel in China. Since the reform and opening up, some periodical works have been published in the 1980s by way of excerpts and translations. Although there are only a few chapters, they can be regarded as a preheating before the translation and publication of the novel monographs. It was not until 1990 that Lijiang Publishing House published the first publicly released version of "on the Road", which transformed the original into a popular literary work in the target culture by means of abridgement and simplification. It improves the domestic readers' reading interest and ensures the acceptability of the works in the social and cultural context at that time. This translation makes many domestic readers understand Kerouac's works, plays a certain role in the popularization of "on the Road" in China, and makes it possible for the novel to be "classic" in the future. In 1998, the first full translation of "on the Road" was published on the mainland, enabling domestic readers to get a complete picture of the novel. The translator Wen Chu-an makes a series of "correct names" of the novel through the paraphrase and the concrete translated text, which clarifies the misreading caused by the conservative and rigid literary concepts in the past and highlights the positive significance of the works. As a result of adopting the domesticated translation strategy in accordance with the target language norms, and in order to meet the expectations of the readers, the original works have been "re-created" to a certain extent, and Wen Chu-an 's translation has been enthusiastically sought after by the readers. This also further for the "on the Road" in the domestic classic laid a solid foundation. The latest published on the Road is a 2006 translation of Wang Yongnian. In terms of content, this translation is the closest to the original and the least mistranslated of all the translations, thus achieving the purpose of faithfully reproducing the original as much as possible. More importantly, the publication of Wang's translation triggered a series of reactions from readers and all walks of life, which promoted the classic status of the novel on the Road to be established in the translation literature system of our country. Through the study of the course of translation of the novel on the Road in China, it can be found that, on the one hand, the position of the novel in the new field of language and culture changes with the changes of the whole social and cultural environment. This change is accompanied by the continuous updating of the translation; on the other hand, the continuous updating of the version in turn affects the change of the text's status, and finally makes the "on the way" in the domestic translation literature system complete from the edge to the center. The evolution from non-classical to classical.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H315.9;I046

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