新批评的反讽理论研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 11:06

本文关键词：新批评的反讽理论研究　出处：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新批评是二十世纪文坛中一个影响较大的、以文本为中心的形式主义批评流派,它兴起于二十世纪二三十年代,于五六十年代走向衰落。新批评经历了近四十年的发展,虽然成员众多,理论庞杂,但是“反讽”却作为一个关键性概念贯穿于新批评发展的整个过程,在新批评派这里,“反讽”是作为文学语言的独特本质存在的,新批评既吸收了传统反讽理论的精华,同时又拓展了反讽的内涵。反讽因新批评而流行,也因新批评的过度使用而泛滥弱化,但是反讽并没有消失,它始终以特有的方式存在于人们的生活中。作为一战后登上历史舞台的批评流派,新批评的历史文化背景和理论渊源是不能被忽略的。十九世纪末二十世纪初,英国文艺批评仍以强调个人主观感受的印象批评为主,带有浓重的主观主义和自由主义色彩。针对当时的批评境况,新批评主张构建一套行之有效的文学批评理论体系,新批评派理论家在继承传统反讽的本质特征基础之上,将反讽范畴的运用从哲学领域拓展到文学批评领域,最终在在众多理论家的努力下,新批评反讽理论建设和批评实践成果丰硕。反讽是一个复杂微妙的概念,对反讽进行辨析理解是深入了解反讽的重要手段。反讽作为新批评的核心概念之一,它的成长过程是漫长的,新批评派几乎所有的理论家都论述过,但论述最彻底、实践成果最多的是布鲁克斯。在布鲁克斯那里,文学批评不再是主观化、自我化的方式,而是以反讽为标准对文学进行细致的分析。反讽在布鲁克斯看来是一种文学结构原则和批评方法,布鲁克斯的反讽批评实践将新批评反讽理论发展推向了高潮。新批评反讽虽然在理论和实践方面都取得了丰硕成果,但也存在不足之处,他们过分强调文本而忽视了“世界”这个因素,最终导致新批评走入困境。虽然反讽在20世纪60年代走入困境,但并非消失得无影无踪,在大众文化盛行的后现代,它又有了新的生长土壤。反讽特有的精神内核与大众文化时代的追求结合之后,反讽又一次找到了拓展的领地。在后现代语境中,反讽已经渗透进我们的日常生活,更好地认识反讽,用超然反讽的态度对待人生,是智者的行为,也是一种高尚的追求。
[Abstract]:The new criticism is a great influence in the literary world in twentieth Century, text centered formalist criticism genre, which began in twentieth Century 20s and 30s, in 50s and 60s to decline. The new criticism has experienced nearly forty years of development, although many members and the theory of complex, but "irony" but as a key concept throughout the entire process in the development of new criticism, sent here in new criticism, "irony" is the unique nature of existence as a literary language, new criticism not only absorbed the essence of traditional theories of irony, irony and expands the connotation. Because of the new criticism and irony are popular, while the flood weakened due to excessive use of new criticism, but irony did not disappear, it is always in a special way in people's life. As the stage of history, criticism, new criticism of the historical and cultural background and theory origin is Can not be ignored. At the end of nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century, the British literary criticism still to emphasize the subjective feelings of impression criticism, with a strong subjectivism and liberal criticism. Aiming at the situation, the new criticism advocated the establishment of an effective system of literary criticism theory, a theorist of the New Criticism based on the essence of tradition irony, irony from a philosophical category will expand the field of criticism to literature, eventually in the efforts of many theorists, irony of the new criticism theory construction and practice of criticism fruitful. Irony is a complex and subtle concept of understanding of irony is an important means for deep understanding of irony irony as one of the core concepts. The new criticism, its growth process is long, almost all of the new criticism theorists have discussed, but this is most thoroughly into practice The most is Brooks. Brooks's literary criticism is not subjective, self oriented way, but as the standard of irony in the detailed analysis of irony in literature. Brooks's view is a kind of literary structure principles and methods of criticism, Brooks's irony criticism will develop new criticism theory of irony to a climax. Although the irony in the aspects of theory and practice have achieved fruitful results, but there are also shortcomings, they emphasize the text while ignoring the factor of "the world", and ultimately lead to new criticism into the predicament. Although the irony of the dilemma in 1960s, but not disappeared in Not the least trace was found. of popular culture, post modern, it has the growth of new soil. After the irony the unique spirit of the kernel and the era of mass culture pursuit with irony again found to expand the territory. In the post-modern context, irony has penetrated into our daily life. It is better for us to understand irony and to treat life with aloof irony. It's a wise man's behavior and a noble pursuit.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I06

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