论权力话语理论对《骆驼祥子》两个英译本的阐释

发布时间：2018-02-02 11:30

本文关键词： 权力话语理论翻译策略改写骆驼祥子　出处：《中南大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：法国后结构主义家米歇尔·福柯首次将“权力”和“话语”结合起来,提出了权力话语理论。在权力话语理论中,“权力”指一切的控制力和支配力,其中有形的如政府机构法律条文,也有无形的如意识形态、道德伦理、文化传统、宗教美学及价值观念等等。“话语”这一术语在福柯那里不是指语言学和文艺学中的话语概念,而是“权力”的表现形式,即所有的权力都是通过话语来实现的,话语是施展权力的工具和关键。权力无处不在,世界上不存在一种不受权力限制的话语。同时福柯认为,人文科学是一种权力和知识相结合的产物,它只能是某一时期的人文科学,是这一时期权力话语控制下的产物。众多的人文学科从根本上就有一种对“权力的屈服”。翻译活动也不例外,它也是一定时期权力话语控制作用下的产物,或多或少地屈服于“权力”,受到权力话语的影响。因此,翻译研究也绝不可以只局限于作者、文本、译者之间的探讨,也应考虑权力话语对它的制约。权力话语理论给翻译研究带来了一场深刻的思想革命,转变了传统的翻译观,扩展了翻译研究的视野,为翻译研究提供了新的视角和新的思路。《骆驼祥子》是老舍的代表作。它以北平(今北京)一个人力车夫祥子的行踪为线索,以二十年代末期的北京市民生活为背景,以人力车夫祥子的坎坷、悲惨的生活遭遇为主要情节,深刻揭露了旧中国的黑暗,控诉了统治阶级对劳动者的剥削、压迫,表达了作者对劳动人民的深切同情。小说取得了巨大成功,不同的译本迄今为止多达三十八种。本文以《骆驼祥子》的两个英译本为例,来阐述权力话语理论对翻译的影响。一个为1945年出版的美国译者伊万·金翻译的Rickshaw Boy,另一个为1981年出版的中国译者施晓菁所译的Camel Xiangzi。两个译本产生于不同的背景之中,受到不同国家和时代的意识形态和历史文化等权力话语的影响,因此,它们在选材以及翻译策略上也呈现出很大的差别。本文通过分析这两个译本对原文的改写,来阐述在不同的历史背景和意识形态等的权力话语对翻译活动的制约和影响。翻译活动并不是发生在“真空”之中,而是受到意识形态、文化传统等各种各样的权力的制约。翻译与其说是一种语言交际活动,不如说是一种在两种不同的权力话语(原语话语与译语话语)制约下的对话与交流。在对译作做出评价时,与原文的接近程度不再是唯一的或最高的衡量标准。译者为适应译入语社会的需要甚至为服务于特定目的而做出的种种调整具有了合法地位。可以说,权力话语理论在赐予译者新的翻译观的同时,也无时不刻不在各方面影响着译者的翻译策略。
[Abstract]:Michel Foucault, the French post-structuralist, first combined "power" with "discourse" and put forward the theory of power discourse. In power discourse theory, "power" refers to the control and domination of everything. Among them the tangible such as government agencies legal provisions, but also intangible such as ideology, moral ethics, cultural traditions. The term "discourse" in Foucault does not refer to the concept of discourse in linguistics and literature and art, but rather to the expression of "power". That is, all power is realized through discourse, discourse is the tool and key to exercise power. Power is everywhere, and there is no such discourse in the world that is not limited by power. Meanwhile, Foucault thinks. Humanities is a combination of power and knowledge, it can only be a certain period of humanities. It is the product of power discourse control in this period. There is a kind of "surrender to power" in many humanities disciplines. Translation is no exception, and it is also the product of power discourse control in a certain period of time. Therefore, translation studies should not be confined to the discussion between the author, the text and the translator. The theory of power discourse has brought about a profound ideological revolution in translation studies, transformed the traditional translation view and expanded the perspective of translation studies. It provides a new perspective and a new way of thinking for translation studies. Camel Locke is Lao She's masterpiece. It takes the whereabouts of a rickshaw driver Xiangzi in Peiping (now Beijing) as a clue, takes the life of Beijing residents in the end of 20s as the background, and takes Xiangzi, a rickshaw rickshaw driver, as a rough road. The tragic life experience as the main plot, deeply exposed the darkness of old China, accused the ruling class of exploitation and oppression of workers, expressed the author's deep sympathy for the working people. The novel has achieved great success. There are up to 38 different translations so far. This paper takes two English versions of Xiangzi Locke as an example to illustrate the influence of power discourse theory on translation. An American translator, Rickshaw Boy, was published in 1945. The other is translated by Chinese translator Shi Xiaojing in 1981. The two versions are produced in different backgrounds. Influenced by the power discourse of ideology and historical culture of different countries and times. They also show great differences in material selection and translation strategies. This paper analyzes the rewriting of the two versions of the original text. To illustrate the influence of power discourse on translation in different historical backgrounds and ideologies. Translation activities do not occur in a vacuum, but are restricted by ideology, cultural traditions and other rights. Translation is not so much a communicative activity as a language. Rather, it is a kind of dialogue and communication under the constraints of two different power discourse (the source language discourse and the target language utterance). The degree of proximity to the original is no longer the only or the highest measure. The translator has a legal position to adapt to the needs of the target society and even to serve a specific purpose. The theory of power discourse not only gives translators a new view of translation, but also influences the translator's translation strategies in all aspects.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：H315.9;I046

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