“叙事”概念的流变——关键词研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 03:31

本文选题：叙事　切入点：中国　出处：《华中师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 20世纪至今的知识界,各种“转向”足以让每一位置身其中的人眼花缭乱。当今,“叙事转向”在很大程度上也为人所注意。在这种氛围下,“叙事”毫无疑问地成了当今文学研究、文化研究乃至整个人文社会科学的关键词。何谓“叙事”,对这个概念的理解直接关系到叙事理论的性质,人们基于不同的批评立场曾赋予“叙事”不同的含义。基于此种考虑,本文从“叙事”的词源意义入手,结合历史文化语境,探寻“叙事”与“narrative”的中西差异;结合当代叙事理论,对西方各主要叙事派别的“叙事”认识加以辨析和概述;简述经典叙事学的兴起及其在中国的接受,着重从中国当代文学批评实践的角度透视其在中国运用过程中的变异,并从中归纳出国人对叙事的认识。本文认为,“narrative”作为“叙述故事”的主导意义在长期的历史沿革中没有多大变化,但其应用领域却发生了很大的变化。在中国,“叙事”最初并非是作为一个合成词出现的,它的意义具有更多的广延性。从历史文化语境看,中国与西方的“叙事”差异主要表现在:首先,中西在叙事文学形成初期即出现的精英叙事与大众叙事的分野,使中西叙事对叙事接受者提出了不同的要求:西方重交流,中国则重体悟。其次,西方叙事在时空上更侧重时间安排,中国则相对更重视空间的多层次性。西方在时空表现上经常呈现一种发散性思维,而中国则往往表现出一种圆形思维,处处体现着“无往不复”的理念。再次,西方传统叙事模式多为情节集中的单线结构,而中国的叙事作品则多线索纷繁,因此对顺序、头绪格外重视。同时,中国还常对“顺序”赋予哲学、伦理学意义。当代,各叙事派别对“叙事”都有不同的认识。结构主义叙事学认为“叙事”在最一般的意义上是指“用语言尤其是书面语言表现一件或一系列真实或虚构的事件”。女性主义叙事学认为“叙事”载负着社会关系,叙述声音和被叙述的外部世界是互相沟通的关系。意识形态叙事学将“叙事”定义为“一种社会象征行为”,从而将叙事理论从结构层面引向历史阐释,具有鲜明的政治参与意识。修辞性叙事学的代表人物多认为“叙事”是动态的经验,是读者参与的发展进程。而解构主义则以“反叙事学”为目的来进行叙事探讨。经典叙事学进入中国后,发生了诸多变异,主要表现在:首先,动摇了经典叙事学的根基,调和二元对立,拒斥片面,因之也拒斥了深刻。其次,聚焦于表层结构的一系列概念、术语被广泛使用,而聚焦于深层结构的系统理论却较少得到运用,从而导致了文本分析中深层结构的缺失。再次,中国当代叙事批评表现出强烈的对作家主体的坚持和对价值评判的执着的倾向。由于受到文学传统的影响,出于批评实践的需要,中国学者对“叙事”作出了一些略有变通的阐释。最后,本文认为,我们只有以开放的胸怀来面对西方叙事研究的最新成果,以客观公允的态度来检视中国传统叙事理论遗产,以敏锐的学术眼光关注中国当下的文学状况,理论建构与批评实践并重,我们的叙事研究才会真正获得参与国际对话的平台。
[Abstract]:Since twentieth Century the intellectual circles, "turns" enough to make every one dazzling. Today, the "narrative turn" is largely unnoticed. In this atmosphere, "narrative" undoubtedly become the contemporary literary studies, cultural studies and the keywords of Humanities and social sciences.
What is the "narrative", on the understanding of this concept is directly related to the nature of narrative theory, people of different criticism based on the position of "narrative" has given different meanings. Based on this consideration, this article from the etymological meaning of narrative ", combined with the historical and cultural context, to explore the differences of" narrative "and" narrative "in Chinese and Western; the combination of contemporary narrative theory, narrative of the main western faction" narrative "understanding and differentiates the rise of overview; classical narratology and its acceptance in Chinese, mainly in the perspective of Chinese using variation in the process of China from contemporary literary criticism practice and sum up the understanding of the narrative form.
This paper argues that the "narrative" as the "dominant narrative significance" in the history of the long-term without big changes, but its application has undergone great changes. In Chinese, "narrative" originally appeared as a compound word, it has more extensive significance from the history. Cultural context, China and Western "narrative" difference is mainly reflected in: first, Chinese and western early, elite and popular narrative narrative appeared in the formation of narrative literature, the western narrative in the narrative: Western exchanges, China recipients are realized. Secondly, the western narrative in the space of more on schedule, multi-level Chinese is relatively more emphasis on space. The West often presents a kind of divergent thinking in the form of space and time, and China businessmenwho circular thinking, is reflected in the "no Once again, the western traditional narrative mode is mostly single line structure with plot concentration. However, Chinese narrative works are more complicated. Therefore, we should pay special attention to order and clue. At the same time, China often gives philosophical and ethical significance to "sequence".
Today, the narrative faction has different understanding of "narrative". Structuralist narratology regards "narrative" in the most general sense refers to the language used especially written language expression of one or a series of real or imaginary events. "Feminist narratology" narrative "that carries the social relations that statement is narrative voice and the outside world is to communicate with each other. The ideological narrative" narrative "is defined as" symbol behavior of a kind of society, and narrative theory from the structure to the interpretation of history, has a distinctive political participation consciousness. Representatives of rhetorical narratology of "narrative" is more than that dynamic experience is the process of development. And the readers in the deconstruction to "anti narrative" for the purpose of narrative study.
The classic narratology into Chinese, there are many variations, mainly displays in: first, shake the foundation of classical narratology, to reconcile the two opposites, rejects the one-sided, because of the rejection of the profound. Secondly, the concept of a series of focus on the surface structure, the term is widely used, and focus on the deep structure of system theory seldom used, which leads to the lack of deep structure of text analysis. Thirdly, China contemporary narrative criticism showed a strong tendency to adhere to the writer and dedication to value judgment. Influenced by the literary tradition, the need for critical practice, Chinese scholars made some slight modifications to explain "narrative".
Finally, this paper argues that our latest achievements only with an open mind to face the western narrative research, with an objective and fair attitude to examine the China traditional narrative theory on contemporary literary heritage, China with keen academic vision, theory and practice of criticism and heavy, will we really get the narrative research in international dialogue the platform.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：I06

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