西方灵感理论中作者地位问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 13:52

本文选题：柏拉图　切入点：灵感说　出处：《聊城大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：灵感问题是西方文论中的一个重要命题,它主要散见于各个历史时期文论家对于文学创作的批评或者作家创作经验的总结之中。这些零散的理论都与作家创作能力的来源息息相关。从灵感问题的演变发展过程中,我们可以窥见作者地位的发展变化。在西方文论中,灵感理论散乱而不系统,虽丰富但不易总结,而且灵感问题较多涉及到人的非理性层面,人们用理性的语言难以将其表述清楚。因此,至今还没有一个理论家对西方文论中的灵感问题进行细致的研究,建立系统的学说。本文拟选取西方文论中灵感理论的三位集大成者,通过对他们的灵感理论进行梳理,力图较清晰地展现出灵感理论发展演变的概貌,进而揭示出作者地位的发展演变轨迹。绪论部分概括了灵感概念的流变,总结了灵感问题的研究现状,阐释了选题的原因和意义。第一章主要从柏拉图的“灵感说”来剖析诗人的主体性:从“神灵凭附说”诗人代神言说,向下传递神的智慧。在这一传递过程中,诗人是神与人之间的媒介,处于神与人的张力之中;从“回忆说”诗人在爱欲的推动下对真、善、美的追求,描绘出诗人主体性的实现轨迹。通过对诗人主体性限度的界定,论证诗人的主体性在神与人的张力之中,诗人的媒介性正是诗人主体性的位置之所在。因此,此时诗人的主体性尚处于萌芽状态。第二章主要从康德的“天才说”来论证作者地位的变化。这一章首先分析了灵感理论在康德天才说中的体现,从中揭示出康德的天才说将诗人灵感的来源由诗人之外的某种超自然力量下降到人本身,这一转变,既体现了诗人主体性的觉醒,又将诗人从创作的附庸地位转变为创作的主体。然后通过论证天才的创造能力在人类有限的知性范围之内,进一步论证了诗人地位的转变。最后通过分析康德的有机整体观念和目的论观念,总结出在康德的天才说中,诗人的灵感虽然来自诗人自身,但是康德的最终目的是天才经由灵感把人由自然引向自由的境界。天才为艺术立法,展现了另一种完满的人生,另一种意义上带领人类上升。因此,在康德的天才说中,诗人的主体性体现在自然和自由的张力之中,是在自然和自由和谐之中得到进一步的发展与彰显。第三章主要从尼采的日神精神和酒神精神两个方面来分析论证作者地位的转变。这一章首先分析了日神、酒神与灵感的关系。指出了尼采的日神精神和酒神精神所构成的根植于希腊人自身的二元艺术冲动在驱使诗人进行创作方面看,都属于灵感的源泉,是在非理性层面对灵感理论的继承与发展。其次,文章论证了日神艺术家创造美丽外观的过程就是诗人主体性不断生成的过程。然后又论证了酒神艺术家在破坏日神个体化外观的过程,就是对诗人主体性解构的过程。诗人主体性被消解之后回归了世界意志。也正是在世界意志的推动下,日神和酒神进入了永恒轮回之境,在永恒轮回之中,日神和酒神结成联盟相互协调提高,以创造出更有力的新生。诗人的主体性也在永恒轮回之中不断地生成和解构,在相互的协调中不断的进行超越。总之,通过分析梳理西方文论中灵感理论的三位集大成者的相关思想,我们发现伴随着灵感理论的发展与演变,诗人的地位也在不断变化。这种变化可以简单的分为诗人主体性的萌芽阶段,诗人主体性的发展阶段和诗人主体性的解构与超越阶段。在这三个阶段中,诗人的主体性虽然都具有一定的限性,但是站在灵感理论发展历史的角度进行纵向分析,诗人的主体性是在不断的发展与超越的。
[Abstract]:Inspiration is an important proposition in the western literary theory, it mainly scattered in the various historical periods to literary criticism or writers experience. These theories are scattered sources is closely related with the writer's creative ability. From the inspiration the evolution of the development process, we can see the development and changes the role of the author. In western literary theory, theory of inspiration scattered and not system, although the rich but not easy to summarize, and inspired many problems related to people's non rational aspects, people use rational language to its clear. Therefore, there has not been a theorist of careful research on the inspiration of Western literature in theory, the establishment of the system theory. This paper selects three master theory of inspiration in the western literary theory into, by analyzing their theory of inspiration, trying to more clearly show the spirit General sense of evolvement of the theory, and then reveals the development status of the evolution trajectory. The introduction part summarizes the inspiration rheological concepts, summarizes the research status of inspiration, explains the reasons of choosing the topic and significance. The first chapter mainly from Platon's "inspiration theory" to analyze the subjectivity of the poet: from "the inspiration" God said the poet passed down generation speech, the wisdom of God. In this transfer process, the poet is between God and man in the media, the tension between the God and man; from "recalled" to really good poets, in love under the impetus of the pursuit of beauty, depicts the realization of trajectory poet subjectivity. By defining the poet subjectivity limit, demonstrates the poet's subjectivity in God and the people of the poet's tension, media is the poet subjectivity position of subjectivity. Therefore, the poet is still in an embryonic state. In the second chapter, the main The change from Kant's "genius" to demonstrate the role of the author. This chapter first analyzes the theory of inspiration in Kant's genius embodiment reveals Kant's genius from said will drop some supernatural power sources of inspiration by the poet outside of the poet to the people themselves, this change, not only embodies the poet the awakening of subjectivity, and the poet from the vassal status creation into the main body of creation. Then through the demonstration of the creation of genius ability within the limited scope of human intellectual transformation, further demonstrates the poet's status. Finally through the analysis of Kant's notion of organic unity and Teleology in Kant's concept, summed up the genius. Although the poets from the poet's own, but the ultimate goal is to Kant's genius through inspiration from nature to freedom realm. Genius as the law of art unfolded a perfect life, In another sense lead humanity rise. Therefore, in Kant's theory of genius, the poet's subjectivity reflected in the natural and free of tension, is the further development and reveal the nature and freedom in harmony. The third chapter mainly transition from two aspects of Nietzsche's Apollonian and Dionysian spirit to analyze the argument of the author status. This chapter first analyzes the relationship between Dionysus and Apollo, inspiration. Out of two yuan of art which Nietzsche's Apollonian and Dionysian spirit rooted in the creation of own impulse aspect by poets, all belong to the source of inspiration, in the face of the inheritance and development of the theory of inspiration in the non rational layer. Secondly, the article demonstrates the process of Apollonian artist to create beautiful appearance is the poet subjectivity is continually generated. And then demonstrates the Dionysian artist in the destruction of individual appearance of Apollo Cheng, is the poet subjectivity of deconstruction. The poet subjectivity is dispelled after the return of the world will push the world. It is also in the will, Apollo and Dionysus entered the eternal realm, in eternal samsara, Apollo and Dionysus alliance to improve coordination, so as to create a more powerful life. The poet's subjectivity in eternal samsara constantly generating and Deconstruction in coordination in the beyond. In short, the relevant ideas through the analysis of the three master inspiration theories in the western literary theory, a winner, we found that with the development and evolution of the theory of inspiration, the poet's position is also changing. This change can be simply divided into the embryonic stage poet subjectivity, deconstruction and beyond the stage development stage of poet subjectivity and poet subjectivity. In the three stage, the poet's although all out There is a certain limit, but from the perspective of the history of the development of inspiration theory, the longitudinal analysis of the poet's subjectivity is constantly developing and transcending.

【学位授予单位】：聊城大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I04

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