英伽登文学本体论思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 20:27

本文选题：文学本体论　切入点：意向性　出处：《苏州大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】：英伽登的文学本体论研究受到了胡塞尔现象学美学思想的影响,他侧重于对文学的艺术作品进行意向分析,并以此作为解决“观念论——实在论”之争的初步途径。英伽登文学本体论的基点是对文学作品的存在方式,也即作品本体论立场的研究,他关注具体的文学现象及其普遍存在问题之间的关系,并在文学作品存在方式的考察中将本体论和认识论相统一。本文尝试从文学作品的“构成”境域、文学作品的“区域性”存在、文学作品的审美经验现象、文学作品的审美价值系统四个角度研究英伽登的文学本体论思想,进而在英伽登现象学美学的理论体系中探寻文学作品“本体”和“意向”之间交遇和对话的可能性。英伽登的美学研究立足于对文学作品本体的存在性考察,力图在本质直观的描述与分析中构建创新性的层分结构模式,进而实现对现象学理论与方法的创造性应用。英伽登在对各层次语言现象的区别中注重异质性却忽略了具体的内涵;揭示了作品结构的动态特征却没有在理论上加以展开;将研究对象界限于完成后的作品内部却无法回避主客关系中的作者意向问题。他将作者的生活体验与现实世界对立起来,其观点中难以自圆其说的矛盾之处,正体现出现象学在割裂了主客体关系同现实世界的联系后所面临的理论困境。英伽登的文本结构观立足于胡塞尔的意向性构成理论,其在本质上是一种趋向于主客统一价值理念的客观化的文本观。他将主客体交互意向的现象融入作品“固有结构”和主体“意识结构”的关联域,却在根本上遵循“以主体为中心”的认识论原则;他将主客体交互意向的作用显现于“意识结构”和语言符号系统之间的张力场,却无法回避“以作者意向活动为先导”的主体倾向。英伽登在强调主客交融的同时却又割裂了主客体关系与现实世界的联系,他试图从主体内部来解决文学本体存在与认识的根本问题,这本身就是一个不可能实现的理想。英伽登所建构的文学本体存在区域以对纯粹意识的形式构造问题的探究为前提,他注重区分实在世界和纯粹意识之间的观念,把握作品本体结构与认识主体意识之间的关联域,从而在意识多样性所构造的意义世界中,呈现出文学作品本体“区域性”的存在样式。英伽登本体论范畴内的现象主要是围绕主体与客体两个区域而展开的,主客体之间的交互意向又构成了新的关联域,从而使作品本体在形式与内容上都呈现出“区域性”的存在状态。他一方面构建了“作者——本文——读者”的动态关联区域,另一方面又预设了本体结构性因素和主体意向性行动之间相互制约的理想语境,从而为作品区域“同一性”的综合显现创造了条件。英伽登对文学作品本体的区域性考察体现了存在和显现、意义和想象的辩证关系,他立足于主客体相统一的全新视角反思文学领域中认识主体和认识对象基本结构之间的适应性关系,这一创新性的论证模式对于文学研究具有根本的启示意义。英伽登突破了以往的审美经验理论以审美主体单方面的体验来界定审美经验特征的研究局限,他系统考察了各种审美经验现象,以审美经验和艺术作品、审美对象的相互作用与关系为线索,透彻分析了审美经验完整的动态过程及其性质和特征,试图揭示在审美经验内部的和谐活动中所包含的本质结构。英伽登擅长于精确的描述,他勾勒出了审美经验构成要素的基本轮廓,进而在整体上把握了审美经验的逻辑结构,他的分析模式为其后审美经验研究的深入开展提供了参照。英伽登的审美经验理论建立在胡塞尔意向性学说的基础上,他一方面力图从主客体统一和关联的视角来考察审美经验现象的性质,另一方面又从主体意识出发来规定客体,使审美经验和审美对象成为在意识中的存在。他偏重于对主体审美经验的审视,而忽略了欣赏者的审美经验;他的分析以现象学的描述为主,在具体的阐述中存在概念模糊和界定含混的局限;他在审美经验和审美现象问题上的循环论证也证明了现象学本身所无法避免的理论和方法的双重困难。英伽登吸取了盖格尔的美学思想,通过审美态度来探讨审美经验,又以审美经验返观审美价值,他在审美经验最后阶段现象的分析中已经涉及了价值多元化和价值判断标准的问题,其观点和立场为审美价值研究的开展奠定了基础。英伽登的价值研究是以人为根本的,他始终关注人的问题,并以哲学人类学的研究作为价值论的基础,人及其作为主体的意识行为是理解英伽登审美价值论的重要线索。英伽登审美价值结构系统的建构以文学作品层次分析的结构研究为立足点,他致力于对作品价值及其结构形式的对应性关系进行考察,试图在各层次诸因素的有机统一体中寻求对人产生功能和效用的结构基础,这一独特的研究路径为文学作品价值意义的理解和表达提供了方法的参照。英伽登反对主观主义和相对主义的价值论,他承认艺术价值和审美价值存在于艺术作品中的实体基础,并力图从作品的内在特性中去发现和确定价值,这一客观性的研究立场是值得肯定的。英伽登在价值论的美学思考中将主体的经验活动和认识活动置于首位,他在对作品价值结构现实化的考察中给予读者相当程度的参与空间,无论是价值的存在和显现,还是价值质素的建立与实现,都离不开主体审美具体化的“重建”活动。他一方面坚持审美价值客观性的基础在于艺术作品,另一方面又无法解决价值结构客观性和读者参与主观性之间的矛盾,价值在根本上成了读者具体化活动的意向性关联物。英伽登的价值研究主要侧重于对文学的艺术作品的认识,这一理论体系的构建仍然需要通过对其他艺术作品的研究来加以完善。因此,文学价值论的研究不是结束,而是通往艺术价值理论研究的真正起点。
[Abstract]:Study on the influence by Husserl's phenomenology aesthetics of literary ontology of Ingaden, he focused on the literary works of art are intentional analysis as to solve the "Idealism -- realism" preliminary approach of the dispute. Ingaden's literary ontology is the basis for the existence of literary works, namely the study of the works the position, he was concerned about the specific literary phenomenon and universal relationship between the issues, and in literary works are investigated in the ontology and epistemology of unity. This article attempts from the literary works of "form" realm, literary work'squotregionalquot existence phenomenon of aesthetic experience of the literary works of literature the work system of aesthetic value of four aspects of Ingaden's thought of literary ontology, and then explore the theoretical system of aesthetics in the Ingaden phenomenon in literary works and "ontology" The possibility of meeting and dialogue between "intentions".
Based on the study of Ingaden's aesthetics of literature ontology study, trying to construct innovative structure model in description and analysis of the nature of intuitive in the layer, and then realize the creative application of the theory and method of phenomenology. Ingaden in the difference on all levels of language phenomenon in focus on heterogeneity but ignore the specific connotation to reveal the dynamic characteristics of the structure of work; but not to be carried out in theory; the research object boundaries in the finished piece inside can not avoid the problem of the relationship between subjective and objective author intention. He will oppose the life experience and the real world, conflicts in their views, it reflected the theoretical dilemma as in the separation of subject and object relationship with reality after facing. The text structure of Ingaden's concept of intentionality is based on Husserl's theory of constitution, the Nature is an objective trend in the text value of the concept of the unity of subject and object view. He will be the intention of the subject object interaction phenomenon into the works of "inherent structure" and "subject consciousness" related domain, but in all follow the "subject centered" principle of epistemology; he will be the tension field of subject and object the intention of the interaction between "show role consciousness structure" and language symbol system, it can not be avoided "subject to the author intention activities as the leading" tendency. In Ingarden but also emphasize the integration of separate relationship between subject and object in contact with the real world, he attempts to main body to solve the fundamental problem of literary ontology with understanding, this in itself is an unattainable ideal.
Ingarden's literary ontology construction area to explore the structure problem of pure consciousness as the premise, he pays attention to distinguish between the real world and the concept of pure consciousness, grasp the connection between the work body structure and understanding of subject consciousness, which are constructed in the consciousness of the sense of diversity in the world, showing a literary works quotregionalquotpresence style. Ingaden's ontology within the scope of the phenomenon is mainly focused on the subject and object of the two regions, the intention of interaction between subject and object and the association constitutes a new domain, so that the body in the form and content are showing a "regional" state of existence. One hand he built the "dynamic association area and author of this article -- the reader", on the other hand, the ideal language presupposition of mutual restriction between structural factors and the main body of the intentional action Exit, thus creating conditions for comprehensive showof work area 'identity ". Ingaden regional study on literature ontology reflects the existence and show the dialectical relationship between meaning and imagination, he based on the adaptive relationship between the basic structure of subject and object in the new perspective of unity of reflection in the realm of literature understanding of subject and object the demonstration of this innovative model has fundamental implications for literary study.
Ingaden broke through the limitations of previous research on theory of aesthetic experience in aesthetic subject unilateral experience to define the characteristics of the aesthetic experience, he investigates the various phenomenon of aesthetic experience, aesthetic experience and artistic works, the interactions and relationships between the aesthetic object as a clue, a thorough analysis of the dynamic process of aesthetic experience and integrity of the nature and characteristics of trying to to reveal the nature of activities involved in the construction of harmonious aesthetic experience in the inner. Ingaden excels in precise description, he outlines the basic outline of elements of aesthetic experience, and grasp the overall logical structure of aesthetic experience, and his analysis model for the subsequent study of aesthetic experience provides a depth reference theory of aesthetic experience. Ingaden is based on Husserl's intentionality theory, he tries to from the unity of subject and object and perspective to examine the Association The nature of beauty experience phenomenon, on the other hand, from the subjective consciousness of the specified object, aesthetic experience and aesthetic object to be in the presence of consciousness. He emphasis on study the aesthetic experience of the subject, while ignoring the aesthetic experience of appreciation; his description of the analysis of phenomenology, existence of vague concepts and the definition of vague limitations in specific elaboration; he in the problem of aesthetic experience and aesthetic phenomenon of circular argument also proved that both the difficulties of the theory and method of phenomenology itself can not be avoided. Ingarden draws Geiger's aesthetics, through the aesthetic attitude of aesthetic experience, aesthetic experience and aesthetic value in return. He has been involved in the diversification of value and standard of value judgment in the analysis of aesthetic experience phenomenon of final stage problems in his position as laid the foundation to carry out research on the aesthetic value.
Study on the value of Ingaden is based on the fundamental of human. He is always concerned about the problem, and to study the philosophical anthropology as the basis of value theory, human and their consciousness behavior is the important clues to understand the aesthetic value of Ingaden theory. Research on the structure of the construction of Ingaden's aesthetic value system in literary works based on the AHP and he is committed to the corresponding relationship between the work value and structure were investigated by seeking the structural foundation of the function and utility of organic unity in all levels of the factors in this unique study path for literature value, understanding and expression method provides a reference. Ingaden opposed to subjectivism and the theory of value relativism, he acknowledged the physical basis of art value and aesthetic value in art works, from the intrinsic properties of the work To discover and determine the value and objectivity of this position is worthy of recognition. Ingaden's experience in activities of aesthetic thinking of value theory, subject and cognition in the first place, he gave in the investigation of the structure of the work value of the reader a considerable degree of participation in space, whether the value of the existence and show, or the establishment and implementation of value quality, all cannot do without the aesthetic subject's specific "Reconstruction". He based on the one hand, the objectivity of aesthetic value in art works, on the other hand, can not solve the value structure of objectivity and subjectivity of readers involved in the conflict between the value of the intention to correlate reader's specific activities the fundamental understanding of Ingaden's research value. The main focus on the literary works of art. The system of this theory still need to study on other works of Art Therefore, the study of the theory of value of literature is not the end, but a real starting point to the study of the theory of artistic value.

【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：I02

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