论福柯生存美学的主体性原则

发布时间：2018-04-18 10:25

本文选题：福柯 + 生存美学　；参考：《华东师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 福柯晚期的研究工作聚焦于古希腊文本中隐现的伦理观,并由此建构了一种生存美学。福柯生存美学的核心是“关心自己”,并认为这一古老的道德律令比“认识自己”的原则更为基础。它把对生存与美、主体与真理问题的思考放置在道德史,尤其是道德主体的历史中予以考察。这一研究向度的开启源自三个方面：一是承继了海德格尔的诗性生存哲学,善于在本源处探究真、善、美的本体论意义,古希腊哲学文本和艺术文本提供了这样的敞开之地。二是寻找一个“脱困”的姿态。福柯的历史实践批判指向笛卡尔理性主义和康德的先验哲学；三种主体化过程——知识主体、权力主体、道德主体——揭示了“笛卡尔时期”以来西方生存主体所陷入的困境。三是古希腊伦理实践带来了美学期待,通过修身艺术把自我建构为伦理主体。福柯通过系谱学考察,描述了在古希腊的思想源头,真、善、美不可分地存在于生存经验内部,“生活”在彼时是一种生命的常态,不需要被问题化。自“笛卡尔时期”以来,认识领域、道德领域、审美领域被割裂开来,主体在话语层而出现,现代西方社会和基督教世界构造的三种主体模式支配着现代生活实践,先前自由的个体化主体生活正在远去,与生存的本质渐行渐远。福柯通过对现代西方和古希腊、基督教和异教的道德实践的对比性考察,重提“关心自己”——在整个希腊、希腊化和罗马文化中规定哲学态度的一个基本原则。不同于“认识自己”,“关心自己”是伦理主体的基础。伦理观是道德结构的一个层面,其中的伦理实质是表现各种道德之差异的重要属性之一。古希腊伦理学和生存美学的同-被现代西方道德和基督教割裂,伦理主体的提出则重建审美与道德的再次统一伦理主体是主体与自身关系的一个新向度,是古希腊生存美学内在的主体性原则,即福柯生存美学的主体性原则。
[Abstract]:Foucault's later studies focused on the hidden ethics in ancient Greek texts and constructed a survival aesthetics.The core of Foucault's survival aesthetics is "caring for himself", which is more fundamental than the principle of "knowing oneself".It puts the consideration of existence and beauty, subject and truth in the history of morality, especially in the history of moral subject.The opening of this research direction originates from three aspects: first, it inherits Heidegger's poetic philosophy of survival, and is good at exploring the ontological significance of truth, goodness and beauty at its original source. The text of ancient Greek philosophy and the text of art provide such an open place.The second is to look for a posture of "getting rid of difficulties."Foucault's criticism of historical practice points to Descartes rationalism and Kant's transcendental philosophy, and three kinds of subjectivization process-knowledge subject, power subject and moral subject reveal the dilemma that the western living subject has been in since the "Descartes period".Third, the ancient Greek ethical practice brought aesthetic expectation, and self-construction as the subject of ethics through the art of self-cultivation.Foucault described the origin of thought, truth, goodness and beauty in ancient Greece through genealogical investigation. Life was the normal state of life at that time and did not need to be problematic.Since the "Descartes period", the field of cognition, the field of morality and the field of aesthetics have been separated, and the subject has appeared in the discourse layer. The three main models constructed by modern western society and Christian world dominate the practice of modern life.The former individual life of freedom is far away from the essence of existence.Foucault, through a contrastive study of the moral practices of modern West and ancient Greece, Christianity and pagan religion, puts forward again "caring for oneself"-a basic principle that prescribes philosophical attitudes throughout Greek, Hellenistic and Roman culture.Different from knowing oneself, caring for oneself is the basis of ethical subject.Ethics is a level of moral structure, in which the essence of ethics is one of the important attributes of various moral differences.Ancient Greek ethics and existential aesthetics were separated by modern western morality and Christianity, and the proposition of ethical subject re-unified aesthetic and moral is a new dimension of the relationship between subject and itself.It is the inherent subjectivity principle of survival aesthetics in ancient Greece, that is, the subjectivity principle of Foucault survival aesthetics.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：I01

【共引文献】