论海德格尔的文艺观

发布时间：2018-04-19 03:02

本文选题：海德格尔艺术观 + 艺术的本质是诗　；参考：《江苏社会科学》2017年02期

【摘要】：在海德格尔看来,艺术作品具有并且需要区分三个层次:物、器具与艺术作品,这三个层次是统一的;而"建立一个世界和制造大地",乃是作品之作品存在的两个基本特征。作品开启一个世界并持守之,即是建立一个世界。作品把自身置回到物的质性中,回归到许多涌现出来的东西中,这就是制造了大地。而自行遮蔽着的存在之澄亮所形成的光亮,就是美。海德格尔认为,艺术的本质是诗,诗的本质是命名,而命名则是原语言,亦即人类此在的根基与民族历史的孕育基础的本源性语言。究其实,海德格尔这是以哲学论证的方式谈论一个发生学的问题,从而将艺术对于人类和民族的意义,提到了最具根本性的高度上,或曰阐述到了最具根基意义的深度上。海德格尔所谓诗意地栖居,即是在天、地、神、人的四重整体中逗留着的人,以这一整体的贯通敞开成其自身的本质,而人性地栖居在这片大地上。这就叫作诗,作诗因而成为原初性的筑造。在其80岁所写《艺术与空间》一文中,世界更是成为一种"自由之境",这一自由之境是辽阔的,它让一切物涌现、持留,让人栖居,人在物中间,不是物因此在而得到揭示亦即呈现,论者们所指责的《存在与时间》中那个因处于中心位置、过于突出的此在,被消解了。这样,海德格尔的艺术论,便与其嬗变后的存在论相统一了。对于海德格尔思想发展的此种脉络,"海"学界至今仍昧而未明。中国园林与陶渊明的生活方式所体现的中国智慧,更具有一种天人相亲的内容,也具有更多的艺术成分。中国艺术所构建的乃是天人相亲、自然与文化相融,虚中有实、实中求虚、即体即用、体用一如的世界。这才是人诗意地栖居的现实的而非仅是哲学思考的形态。
[Abstract]:In Heidegger's view, works of art have and need to be divided into three levels: objects, utensils and works of art, which are unified, and "building a world and creating the earth" are the two basic features of the existence of works.The creation of a world is the creation of a world.The work puts itself back into the nature of things and returns to many emerging things, which is the creation of the earth.And the light formed by the clarity of self-concealed existence is beauty.Heidegger believes that the essence of art is poetry, the essence of poetry is naming, and naming is the original language, that is, the origin of the foundation of mankind and the gestation of national history.In fact, Heidegger is talking about a problem of generology in the form of philosophical argumentation, thus raising the meaning of art to mankind and the nation to the most fundamental height, or to the most fundamental significance of depth.Heidegger's poetic habitation, that is, the people who linger in the four-fold unity of heaven, earth, God, and man, opens up their own essence with the continuity of this whole, and inhabits the earth humanly.This is called poetry, and poetry is thus the building of the primordial nature.In his article Art and Space, which he wrote at the age of 80, the world is even more a "realm of freedom", which is vast. It allows everything to emerge, stay, let people live, and people live in the middle of things.It is not for this reason that things are revealed or presented, but the one in being and time, which is too prominent because of its central position, has been dispelled by the theorists.In this way, Heidegger's art theory, and its evolution of the existence of the theory of unity.As for Heidegger's thought development, the study of the Sea is still unknown.The Chinese garden and Tao Yuanming's life style embodies the Chinese wisdom, has a kind of heaven and man matchmaking content, also has more artistic element.What Chinese art constructs is a world where nature and culture are in harmony with nature and man, and there is reality in the void, and there is a world in which the body is used and the body is used as it is.This is the reality of human poetical dwelling rather than the form of philosophical thinking.
【作者单位】：苏州大学东吴国学研究院;
【分类号】：I0

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