从与文化、艺术关系的演进看中国文学理论建构

发布时间：2018-04-26 03:33

本文选题：文学理论建构 + 文化　；参考：《山东大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 一、总体考虑当前,文学理论建构的参照域是多谱系的。有的侧重从认识论角度开展,有的侧重反映论,有的侧重实践论；有的侧重史学视野,有的侧重人学视野,有的侧重美学视野；有的站在本土的立场,有的借鉴西方理论话语体系；有的则主张多角度、多视域的调和创新,等等。其中提出从文化角度、艺术审美角度进行理论建构的亦大有人在。但,统观之,对文学理论与文化、艺术关系的阐释多是概念化、浅层化的,或文化与艺术是其理论的常态内容之一,没有或很少触及到文化的价值系统,亦很少从文化价值系统变化的角度考虑其与文学理论的内生关系,盛行的文化研究基本上是西方话语体系内的方案。而文学理论对艺术因素、艺术标准的研究、坚持亦在不同时期呈现出不同的状态。本论文从系统的视野出发,回归文学及其理论发展的本真,从对文学理论与文化、艺术关系的演进考察出发,揭示分析文学理论在不同时期与文化、艺术关系的特征、变化及其内在决定因素,在此基础上展开以文化、艺术为主要维度的文学理论建构思考,提出了以文化、艺术为主要参照坐标的文学理论建构的初步设想。二、论文结构及主要内容本论文共有导论及第一至第五章。导论亦是正文的重要补充,主要是对正文涉及的文化、艺术两个重要概念进行界定及,进一步明确其内涵。文化方面：从价值体系出发,更看重文化的系统性、民族性、整体性,以及其对群体的恒久的软体影响。艺术方面：更注重从艺术品的精神独创性、审美独立性出发来理解艺术的本质,并延伸至文学。在对两个概念进行界定的基础上,对文学理论的发展进行快速扫描,论证了文化、艺术两个因素在文学理论发展历史过程中的重要关联性。之后,对文学理论与文化、艺术的基本关系,以及与文学补充性关系进行了解读,提出了本论文纲领性的主旨思路。第一章主要通过对文化传统与古代文论演进关系的分析,勾画出文学理论与文化、艺术关系的古典形态及其总体特征,以及对现代文学理论发展的重要启示。文学理论与文化、艺术的关系在中国古代具体表现为文化传统与古代文论、艺术传统的关系,其主要特征是：以文化传统的强势规约为主要表征,中国“载道”的文化传统使与史、哲等学科区分不清晰的古典文学,以诗话为主要形态的古代文论,传统艺术认识三者均成为传达文化核心价值的教化载体,文论的发展总体上在这一大的背景下进行。文化的强势地位虽然限制了文学与文论相对自由的发展,但是却衍生出与文化内质相符合的具有独特审美气质与美学境界的中国文学与艺术,以及与此相关联的古代文论。古代文论与主导文化传统的内生关联是其保持本土化、常态化发展的重要保证,并以自己独具特色的诗话语言体系发挥着对古典文学的阐释、引导等文学理论的恒常作用,这是文学理论与文化、艺术关系古典形态分析的现代启示。第二到第四章大致为一个整体,主要是对晚清至二十世纪以来现代文学理论与文化、艺术关系的发生、建立、发展过程进行文化与艺术特定视域的考察,描述其主要演进状态及特征。第二章主要考察1840至1919年中国社会发生现代性转型的关键时期内,文学理论与文化、艺术关系所发生的现代转型。文化方面：主要是西方文化的大规模引进,导致传统文化硬体解体,并由于西学的强盛使来自西方的现代意识一度成为中国社会的主流文化价值；艺术(文学)方面：主要是现代西方艺术认识的引入、确立,以及以白话文学为主体的新文学在传统杂文学体系中的分离、萌生及发展；文学理论方面：主要是伴随西方文化价值引入,参照西方理论范式初步建立起中国现代文学理论形态。文学理论与文化、艺术关系亦随三个要素各自的转型而完成现代性调整。但是由于处在发生期,文学理论与文化、艺术三要素并没有迅速建立起有机的联系。这一时期,在西学东渐笼罩下,由西方文化价值输入、确立而引起的文学理论、文学、艺术的现代转型是文学理论与文化、艺术关系演进的主要特征。第三章把1919至2000年作为一个整体考察。其中,1919至1949年,是文学理论发展的奠基时期。其主要特征是西方文学理论资源持续引进,并与对中国新文学实践的阐释、批评相结合,不断深入。其间,文学理论与文化、艺术关系的现代形态渐次建立,对现代文学理论的发展产生了较大的正面影响。1949至1978年,属于当代三十年,尽管“一元”语境特征突出,但是文学理论在学科建设、系统化、规范化等方面,尤其是马克思主义文学理论的建设方面,取得了较大成绩。文学理论与文化、艺术关系的演进在此期间呈现相对“失语”状态,但是文学创作、评价的艺术标准始终没有放弃。1978至2000年,是新时期前二十年,是二十世纪中国文学理论发展过程中辉煌的二十年。文化上：因经济发展带来对物质生活的极大向往,新一轮西学东渐由是发生,西方新的价值观输入,引起人们精神世界的巨大改变；艺术上：理论研究不断拓展、深入,生发出美学、文艺美学等学科的发展壮大；文学上：以个体解放为表征的新时期文学蓬勃发展,主要以“寻根文学”、“伤痕文学”、“朦胧诗”等为代表；文学理论方面：与文化上的崇外相一致,参照西方理论的学术方式、逻辑体系等,推进了中国文学理论的发展、创新,在理论认识上、学理深度上均达到了很高的水平。但是对西方文论的过度依赖亦使建立本土化的文学理论面临极难摆脱的学术习惯。总的看,由于社会经济文化均处于高速发展之中,文学理论与文化、艺术的关系极不稳定,仍然没有建立起类似于古代的由文化传统规约的稳定形态,而是以文化的冲突融合和艺术的自觉独立为主线,始终处在一个关系生成的探索之中。既有成绩,也有教训。第四章以文学在新时期尤其是新世纪以来的境遇为对象,尝试通过对其多角度的分析,描述出文学理论、文化、艺术内涵的变化及其关系的新动向。主要考察进入新世纪后,以文学“泛文化”、审美泛化为突出代表的新趋势给文学理论的发展带来的新危机、新挑战。作为重要文化载体的文学,在新时期中国大众文化兴起后,自身存在状态逐渐发生比较大的改变,并在新世纪随着大众文化的转型,科技、传媒的发展而逐渐产生不同于传统范畴演变轨迹的剧烈变化,除一小部分大致仍然保持着传统文学的状态,另一部分则呈现出“泛文化”的倾向,扩大了传统意义上文学的边界,对文学的传统生存模式带来挑战。作为文学理论主要研究对象的文学遭遇“泛文化”的巨大冲击,引起文学理论与文化、艺术关系的连锁不适反应,文学理论的“失语”、审美的“泛化”等问题接踵而至,并在存在合法性、理论话语权等方面造成文学理论新的危机。文学理论重新建构的命题及其使命感、紧迫感由此更加突出。第五章是论文的核心,在前面四章所分析、揭示问题的基础上,以文化、艺术为主要参照维度,提出了文学理论建设的提纲性意见,试图在建立本土化、民族化,并具有现实性、时代性、实践性品格的文学理论话语体系方面作出一些努力。从文化维度看,中国当前的文化状态是复杂多元的,文学理论只有在价值层建立了与主流文化形态相对应的联系,与其他辅助文化形态建立不同方式的联系,才能有效解决理论的现实性、时代性、民族化问题。论文对重建文学理论与文化关系必要性,以及如何建立、解决何样的问题等进行了较详细的解析。同时,文学理论与文化关系的重新建立,亦是其对文化重建的反作用,是文学理论“载道”功能的现代性体现,尽管内涵已经发生重大改变。从艺术维度看,倡导文学理论对文学的艺术本质进行具有回归特征的重新确认,并给出符合时代发展特征的现代阐释。同时,既要对文学泛文化转向、审美泛化等现象作出合理的解释、科学的指引,维护艺术的主体性、学科的合法性,又要增强主动性、敏感性,及时发现新的文化、技术语境下艺术因素、审美特征的新变化,对其发生的相对于传统的种种变异、创新进行解释,并把对这一系列新事物的理性认识内化在理论中,使之知识化、逻辑化、体系化,形成新的理论创新。
[Abstract]:First, the overall consideration
At present, the reference domain of the construction of literary theory is multiple pedigree. Some focus on epistemology, some focus on the theory of reflection, some focus on practice, some focus on the view of history, some focus on the view of human science, some focus on the aesthetic field of view, some stand on the local standpoint, some draw lessons from the western theoretical discourse system, and some stand for many. Angle, multi view harmonization and innovation, and so on. Among them, the theoretical construction of the artistic aesthetic angle is also great. However, the interpretation of the relationship between literary theory and culture and art is mostly conceptualized, shallow, or culture and art is one of the normal contents of its theory, and not or rarely touches the price of culture. The value system also seldom considers the endogenous relationship with the literary theory from the angle of the change of cultural value system. The popular cultural research is basically the scheme in the western discourse system. The study of the artistic factor and the art standard is also different in different periods. The truth of the development of literature and its theory, from the evolution of the relationship between literary theory and culture and art, reveals the analysis of the characteristics, changes and internal determinants of literature theory in different periods with culture and art, and on this basis, to think about the construction of literature theory with culture and art as the main dimension, and put forward the culture of literature. Art is the primary idea of constructing literary theory as the main reference frame.
Two, the structure and main content of the paper
This paper has an introduction and the first to fifth chapters.
Introduction is also an important supplement to the text, which is mainly to define the two important concepts of culture and art involved in the text, and to further clarify its connotation. Cultural aspects: from the value system, more emphasis is placed on the systematic, ethnicity, and integrity of culture, as well as its persistent soft influence on the group. The spiritual originality and aesthetic independence start to understand the essence of art and extend to the literature. On the basis of the definition of the two concepts, the development of literary theory is scanned quickly, and the important relevance of the two factors of culture and art in the historical process of the development of literary theory is demonstrated. The basic relationship and the complementary relationship with literature have been interpreted, and the guiding idea of this paper has been put forward.
The first chapter, mainly through the analysis of the relationship between the cultural tradition and the ancient literary theory, outlines the classical form and its overall characteristics of the relationship between literature theory and culture, the relationship of art, and the important enlightenment to the development of modern literary theory. The main characteristics of the traditional relationship are: the cultural tradition of the cultural tradition is the main characterization. The cultural tradition of "carrying the Tao" in China makes the classical literature distinguished from the history, the philosophy and other disciplines, and the ancient literary theory with the poetry as the main form. The three people of traditional art have become the teaching carrier to convey the core value of the culture and the development of the literary theory. In this big background, the strong position of culture has limited the relative freedom of literature and literary theory, but it derives Chinese literature and art with unique aesthetic temperament and aesthetic realm, as well as the ancient literary theory associated with it, ancient literary theory and dominant cultural tradition. Endogenous relevance is an important guarantee for its localization and normalization, and its interpretation of classical literature and the constant role of literary theory with its own unique poetic language system. This is the present inspiration of the classical form analysis of literary theory and culture and the relationship of art.
The second to fourth chapters are roughly a whole, mainly on the investigation of the specific field of culture and art of the modern literature theory and culture, the establishment and development of modern literary theory and culture, and the development process since the twentieth Century, describing the main evolution and characteristics of the modern literature.
The second chapter mainly examines the modern transformation of the relationship between literary theory and culture and art in the critical period of the transformation of modernity in Chinese society from 1840 to 1919. The mainstream cultural value of Chinese society; Art (Literature): the introduction, establishment of modern western art and the separation, initiation and development of the new literature based on Vernacular Literature in the traditional system of miscellaneous literature; the literary theory is mainly accompanied by the introduction of the Western cultural values and the initial reference to the Western theoretical paradigm. The theoretical form of modern Chinese literature is established. The relationship between literature theory and culture and art is also adjusted with the transformation of the three elements. However, in the period of occurrence, the three elements of literature theory and culture and art have not established an organic connection quickly. In this period, the western culture has been shrouded in the western learning and the Western cultural value is lost. The modern transformation of literary theory, literature and art that is established and established is the main feature of the evolution of literary theory and culture and art relations.
The third chapter takes the 1919 to the 2000 as a whole study. Among them, from 1919 to 1949, it is the foundation of the development of literary theory. Its main feature is the continuous introduction of the western literary theory resources, and the combination of the interpretation and criticism of the new literature practice in China. In the meantime, the modern form of the relationship between literature theory and culture is gradually built. Erect has a great positive influence on the development of modern literary theory, which belongs to the thirty years from.1949 to 1978. Despite the prominent features of the "one yuan" context, literary theory has made great achievements in the construction of discipline, systematization and standardization, especially in the construction of Marx's literary theory. Literary theory and culture, The evolution of the relationship of art presents a relatively "Aphasia" state during this period, but the artistic standards of literary creation and evaluation have never given up.1978 to 2000. It is the first twenty years of the new period and the brilliant twenty years in the course of the development of Chinese literary theory in twentieth Century. A round of Western learning has taken place, and the new values of Western values have brought about great changes in the spiritual world. In art, theoretical research has been expanding, deepening, giving birth to aesthetic, literary and artistic aesthetics and other disciplines. In literature, the new time literature characterized by individual liberation is flourishing, mainly "root seeking literature", " "Scar Literature", "hazy poetry" and so on as the representative; literary theory: consistent with the culture and the reference to the western theory, the logic system, and so on, promote the development of Chinese literary theory, innovation, in theoretical understanding, the academic depth has reached a very high level. But the excessive dependence on Western literary theory also made the construction of the theory. As a result of the rapid development of social economy and culture, the relationship between literary theory and culture and art is extremely unstable, and the stable form of cultural tradition is still not established, but the fusion of cultural conflicts and the self-consciousness of art. Independence is the main thread and is always in the exploration of a relationship. It has both achievements and lessons.
The fourth chapter, based on the situation of literature in the new era, especially in the new century, tries to describe the changes in literary theory, culture, artistic connotation and the new trend of its relations through its multi angle analysis. As an important cultural carrier, literature, as an important cultural carrier, has gradually changed the state of its own existence after the rise of mass culture in the new period. In the new century, with the transformation of mass culture, science and technology and the development of the media, there is a gradual change in the evolution of the traditional category, with the exception of a small part. It still maintains the state of traditional literature, and the other part presents the tendency of "Pan culture", which expands the traditional meaning of literature and challenges the traditional mode of existence of literature. Literature, the main object of literature, has a great impact on "Pan culture", which causes literary theory, culture and art. The chain discomfort reaction, the "Aphasia" of literary theory, and the "generalization" of aesthetics have followed, and the new crisis of literary theory in the existence of legitimacy and theoretical discourse power. The proposition and sense of mission of the re construction of literary theory are more prominent.
The fifth chapter is the core of the thesis. On the basis of the analysis of the previous four chapters and on the basis of revealing the problems, the outline of literature theory construction is put forward with culture and art as the main reference dimension. It tries to make some efforts in the literary theory discourse system of establishing localization, nationalization, and realistic, epochal and practical character. The current cultural state of China is complex and pluralistic. Only in the value layer, the literary theory has established the relative relation with the mainstream culture form, and the establishment of different ways of connection with other auxiliary culture forms can we effectively solve the theory's reality, the times, the problem of the people nationality. The thesis reconstructs the relationship between the literature theory and the culture. At the same time, the re establishment of the relationship between literary theory and culture is also the reverse of cultural reconstruction. It is the modernity embodiment of the "Dao" function of literary theory, although its connotation has been greatly changed. From the perspective of art, the theory of literature is advocated. The artistic essence of literature is reconfirmed with regressive features and a modern interpretation that meets the characteristics of the development of the times. At the same time, it is necessary to make a reasonable explanation of the phenomenon of literary pan cultural turn, aesthetic generalization, scientific guidance, the maintenance of the subjectivity of the art, the legitimacy of the discipline, and the enhancement of initiative, sensitivity and timely discovery. The new changes in art and aesthetic characteristics in the context of culture and technology are interpreted in relation to the traditional variations and innovations, and the rational knowledge of this series of new things is internalized in the theory to make it knowledgeable, logically and systematized, and to form new theoretical innovations.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：I0

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