对艺术起源于巫术说的批判

发布时间：2018-05-19 19:26

本文选题：巫术 + 艺术　；参考：《山东大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 研究艺术的起源,有助于深入探讨艺术的性质,有助于更好的理解艺术在人类生活中的地位和作用。因为根据不同的艺术起源说,能得出截然不同的关于艺术本质的理解、关于艺术在人类社会中的作用的理解。艺术起源于巫术说是西方关于艺术起源理论中最有影响的观点之一。该学说以研究原始艺术作品与原始巫术活动之间的关系为基础,最早由S·雷纳克在其《艺术与巫术——关于驯鹿时代绘画和雕塑的谈话》一书中提出。本文的目的,是对关于艺术起源于巫术的学说进行分析和质疑。本文无意于否认巫术和艺术之间的关系——这种关系是明显的,因而无可否认——而是打算证明把巫术看作艺术的起源这一假说是不合逻辑的。根据上述考虑,我的论文分为三章。第一章,首先分析“艺术起源于巫术说”的理论依据。十九世纪人类学家对原始思维的研究成果,影响较大的有爱德华·泰勒德万物有灵论、詹姆斯·弗雷泽对原始部落巫术的研究,他们的研究成果为艺术起源于巫术这一说法提供了翔实而丰富的资料。无论是万物有灵论、还是弗雷泽的交感巫术,都以人类的想象能力为基础。他们对表现在巫术中的想象的描述,与意大利哲学家维柯所说的诗性思维非常相似,甚至可以说是相同的。其次,本章概括分析了“艺术起源于巫术说”所假定的事实依据。原始洞穴岩画的地点和特点似乎都为艺术起源于巫术说提供了坚实的事实依据,这并不能说明艺术起源于巫术,只能说明巫术从产生之时起,就总是和艺术联系在一起的。第二章总结了为大多数学者所普遍认同的巫术的共同点:巫术是一种技艺,艺术常常被用来作为巫术实施的手段以实现一定的现实目的,而且巫术具有强烈的情感性,后两者正是艺术起源于巫术说的主要原因。所以,巫术的中心因素是艺术,是人类以艺术的方式以人类的想象力为思维基础,我们完全可以说艺术最根本的特点就是想象。意大利美学家维柯人类最早的思维方式是诗兴思维,理性思维衍生于诗兴思维。通过考察巫术,我们可以知道:泰勒和弗雷泽所说的巫术的思维基础即以已度物,就是拟人。诗性思维是人类最基本的思维方式,使人之为人的根本,也是人能改变世界,创造文明的根本,或者可以直接说想象和联想就是艺术思维。由此我们说巫术就是人类以艺术的方式掌握世界的一种实践。第三章将分析艺术起源于巫术说的一个假定:即“艺术是美”的。这种观念是西方文艺复兴之后兴起的,它的历史极为短暂。本章将阐述“美”不是艺术的本质,那么由于巫术看来并不是以美为目的的,那么因此就否认巫术中的艺术是艺术,而仅仅把巫术看做“真正的”艺术的前身,即认为“艺术起源于巫术说”,也就值得进一步探讨。与“艺术是美的”观念紧密相连另一个观念是“艺术是超功利的”。康德关注艺术的自身价值,提出艺术的超功利性,目的是努力将艺术与科学、道德、娱乐区分开来,这的确是对艺术的定性的正确理解。但是,艺术的超功利性并不意味着艺术与现实生活实际目的不可能结合在一起,并在社会中发挥巨大的功用。另外,本章还将简单地阐述一个观点,与现代人一样,原始人有审美经验。因此原始艺术的审美功能和实用功能不能和截然分开。
[Abstract]:The study of the origin of art helps to explore the nature of art and to better understand the position and role of art in human life. For different artistic origins, the understanding of the essence of art, the understanding of the role of art in human society. Art originated from the witchcraft is the West. One of the most influential ideas in the theory of the origin of art, based on the study of the relationship between the original art works and the primitive witchcraft, was first proposed by S renac in his book of art and witchcraft - a talk on the reindeer painting and sculpture. The purpose of this article is about the origin of art in witchcraft. The theory is analyzed and questioned. This article is not intended to deny the relationship between witchcraft and art - this relationship is obvious, so it is undeniable - it is not logical to prove that the hypothesis of the witchcraft as the origin of art is undeniable.
According to the above considerations, my thesis is divided into three chapters. In the first chapter, we first analyze the theoretical basis of "art originated from the witchcraft theory". In nineteenth Century, the results of the anthropologist's research on the original thinking had a great influence on Edward Teld's theory of all creatures, and James Fraser's study of the original tribal witchcraft. Their research results were the art of art. The idea that art originated from witchcraft provides full and abundant information. Both the spirit of all things and Fraser's sympathetic witchcraft are based on the human imagination. Their description of the imagination in witchcraft is very similar to the poetic thought of the Italy philosopher Vico, or even the same.
Secondly, this chapter generalizes the basis of the fact that art originated from the witchcraft theory. The location and characteristics of the original cave painting seem to provide a solid basis for the origin of art in witchcraft, which does not show that art originated from witchcraft, only to show that the witchcraft is always associated with art from the time it comes into being.
The second chapter summarizes the common point of witchcraft, which is generally recognized by most scholars: witchcraft is a skill, and art is often used as a means of witchcraft to achieve certain practical purposes, and witchcraft has strong emotion. The latter two are the main reasons that art originated from the witchcraft theory. So the central factor of witchcraft is Art is the human imagination based on the art of human beings. We can completely say that the most fundamental characteristic of art is imagination. The earliest way of thinking of Vico, the Italy American scientist, is poetic thinking, rational thinking derives from poetic thinking. Through the investigation of witchcraft, we can know the Witch of Taylor and Fraser. The thinking basis of the art is that the thought is based on the already, that is the anthropomorphic. Poetic thinking is the most basic way of thinking of human beings, the fundamental of human being, the fundamental of the people to change the world, the creation of civilization, or the imagination and association of art. Thus, we say that witchcraft is a practice of the man to master the world in the way of art.
The third chapter analyzes the hypothesis that art originated from the theory of Witchcraft: "art is beauty". This concept is the rise of the Western Renaissance and its history is very short. This chapter will explain that "beauty" is not the essence of art, so that Witchcraft does not seem to be beautiful, then it denies the art of witchcraft. Art, and the only way to see witchcraft as the precursor of "real" art, is to say that "art originated from witchcraft" is worth further exploring.
It is closely connected with the concept of "art is beauty" and another idea is "art is super utilitarian". Kant pays attention to the own value of art, puts forward the super utilitarianism of art, and aims to distinguish art from science, morality and entertainment. This is indeed a correct understanding of the nature of art. However, the super utilitarianism of art does not mean that it does not mean that. Art can not be combined with the real purpose of real life and play a huge role in society.
In addition, this chapter will also simply explain a point of view, like the modern people, the primitive people have aesthetic experience. Therefore, the aesthetic function and practical function of the original art can not be completely separated.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：J0

【共引文献】