歌德对宗白华艺术人生观的影响

发布时间：2018-05-20 03:32

本文选题：歌德 + 宗白华　；参考：《湘潭大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 约翰·沃尔夫冈·歌德(Johann Wolfgang Goethe,1749-1832),不仅是德国古典文学与民族文学的代表,也是一位对中国读者影响颇深的伟大作家。在五四时期的中国便掀起过一股不小的“歌德风潮”,当时许多知名的学者都极力推崇这位世界级的文化巨匠,其中最为突出的除了翻译过歌德许多重要作品的郭沫若,则当数宗白华了。宗白华(1897-1986),作为20世纪中国最重要的美学家之一,和朱光潜先生并称为“美学的双峰”,[1]也是继王国维、蔡元培等人之后的中国第二代美学家。他有着深厚的古典文学积淀,又深受五四新思潮的影响,立足于时代生存的经验,进行了自己独特的美学思考。他用诗人的眼光进行了美的探索,用诗性的话语描绘了对美的体验。宗白华的美学思想既根植于中国传统文化的沃土之中,又汲取了西方美学思想的精髓。海外留学的经历给宗白华提供了新的文化视角与审美体验,也使他对德国哲学与美学有了深刻的了解和个性化的体悟。无论是对康德哲学的认同与接受,还是对叔本华思想的吸纳,或者是对法国伯格森生命哲学的思考,都为宗白华日后哲学、美学思想的形成奠定了理论基础。宗白华作为译介歌德的重要学者之一,对歌德的人格与人生有着深刻的了解,也对歌德有着别样的感情。他翻译了比学斯基的《歌德论》,并在译文中指出“歌德—是人性中之至人”和“人性之完全”[2]的人。他对歌德的人格、生活、作品进行了研究,高度评价了歌德在人格典范上给予世人的启示,并在歌德身上发现了艺术与人生的完美结合。歌德对宗白华艺术人生观的影响主要表现在以下几点:一是歌德人格之美、人生之美影响了宗白华的艺术人生观;二是《浮士德》中的人格人生启示了宗白华的生命精神;三是《少年维特之烦恼》影响了宗白华“人生烦恼解救法”的形成;四是歌德的抒情诗促进了宗白华对人生境界的憧憬。歌德走进宗白华,影响宗白华的缘由是与宗白华的个人经历、宗白华所处的时代密切相关的,歌德人格之美和宗白华崇拜的晋人之美有相通之处,与宗白华的学术研究和心理认同有着紧密联系。
[Abstract]:Johann Wolfgang Goethen Johann Wolfgang Goethen 1749-1832 is not only the representative of German classical literature and national literature, but also a great writer who has great influence on Chinese readers. During the May 4th period, China set off a "wave of Goethe". At that time, many well-known scholars highly respected this world-class cultural masterpiece, the most prominent of which was Guo Moruo, who had translated many of Goethe's important works. Then the Zong Baihua is counted. Zong Baihua, as one of the most important aestheticians in China in the 20th century, is called "the double Peak of Aesthetics" with Mr. Zhu Guangqian. [1] he is also the second generation Chinese aesthetician after Wang Guowei, Cai Yuanpei and others. He had deep classical literature accumulation, and was deeply influenced by the May 4th New trend of thought, based on the existence of the times experience, carried out his own unique aesthetic thinking. He explored beauty with the eyes of poets and described the experience of beauty with poetic words. Zong Baihua's aesthetic thought is not only rooted in the fertile soil of Chinese traditional culture, but also absorbed the essence of western aesthetic thought. The experience of studying abroad provides Zong Baihua with a new cultural perspective and aesthetic experience, and also makes him have a profound understanding of German philosophy and aesthetics and individualized understanding. Whether it is the recognition and acceptance of Kant's philosophy, the absorption of Schopenhauer's thought, or the reflection of Bergson's philosophy of life in France, it has laid a theoretical foundation for the formation of Zong Baihua's later philosophy and aesthetic thought. As one of the most important scholars in the translation of Goethe, Zong Baihua has a profound understanding of Goethe's personality and life, as well as a different feeling for Goethe. He translated Bixuesky's Goethe and pointed out that Goethe is the most human in human nature and the perfect of humanity. He studied Goethe's personality, life and works, highly appraised Goethe's inspiration in personality model, and found the perfect combination of art and life in Goethe. The influence of Goethe on Zong Baihua's outlook on art and life is mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, the beauty of Goethe's personality affects Zong Baihua's outlook on art and life, the second is that the personality life in Faust reveals the life spirit of Zong Baihua. Third, the annoyance of Young Werther affects the formation of Zong Baihua's "life trouble rescue method", and the fourth is that Goethe's lyric poetry promotes Zong Baihua's longing for the realm of life. The reason that Goethe walked into Zong Baihua and influenced Zong Baihua was that it was closely related to the personal experience of Zong Baihua and the era in which Zong Baihua lived. The beauty of Goethe's personality had something in common with the beauty of Jin people worshipped by Zong Baihua. It is closely related to Zong Baihua's academic research and psychological identity.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：I0-03;I106

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