关汉卿与莎士比亚悲剧创作比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 08:07

本文选题：关汉卿 + 莎士比亚　；参考：《中南民族大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 中西文化的差异,以及时代的差异,必然会使关汉卿和莎士比亚的悲剧作品有所不同。关汉卿浸染在传统的儒家思想文化之下,深受儒家思想的影响,另外,他所生活的时代,充满了民族压迫与欺凌,他的作品必然反映的是生活在社会底层的弱小的平民百姓所经历的苦难,以及他们对于苦难的抗争。而莎士比亚生活的时代正好是激情昂扬的“伊丽莎白”时代,人文主义精神高涨、人们乐观而积极,因此体现在莎士比亚笔下的必然是充满英雄气慨的伟大人物,他们不害怕失败,即使生命不在,也无所畏惧。本文以文本的解读为基石,通过对关汉卿和莎士比亚悲剧作品中的悲剧人物、悲剧冲突、悲剧结局的比较研究来分析中西悲剧的异同。而研究的目的便是为了挖掘出具有中国特色的悲剧精神,来完善中国悲剧理论,也借此来反观西方悲剧理论的缺失,以便通过相互反照来达到中西悲剧理论的互补。论文主要分为四个部分展开论述,导言部分——简要阐述关汉卿和莎士比亚悲剧比较研究的价值,简介关汉卿和莎士比亚剧作研究现状,以及本文研究方法。第一章:关汉卿和莎士比亚悲剧人物的比较研究。本章主要从两个方面来展开论述。(1)悲剧人物社会地位的差异性及其构成环境:关汉卿剧作中的悲剧人物都是生活在平民社会里的卑微人物,莎士比亚剧作中的悲剧人物都是生活在宫廷里的高大人物。(2)悲剧人物命运构成方式的差异性及其不同的反抗形式:关汉卿剧作中的悲剧人物采取一种隐忍的态度来反抗命运的不公,出现在莎士比亚笔下的伟大人物都是极力抗争灾难。第二章:关汉卿和莎士比亚悲剧冲突的比较研究。本章将围绕悲剧起因、悲剧逆转结构、悲剧冲突解决的一致性三个方面来对中西悲剧冲突的差异性与共性进行比较研究。(1)悲剧起因:莎士比亚悲剧源自于人性冲突,关汉卿悲剧源自于社会冲突。(2)悲剧逆转结构:莎士比亚悲剧是由顺转入逆然后进入死亡,关汉卿悲剧在最后的结局不是转向为死亡,而是进入顺境。(3)悲剧冲突解决的一致性——达到历史与道德的进步。第三章:关汉卿和莎士比亚悲剧结局的比较研究。莎士比亚悲剧的结局带给人的是灵魂的净化作用,关汉卿悲剧结局则起着道义感化作用,两者都起到了精神抚慰的作用。结语,虽然中西悲剧在悲剧人物以及悲剧冲突的选择上存有差异,但内在的精神实质是一样的,都是给人以心灵抚慰。
[Abstract]:The differences between Chinese and Western cultures and times will inevitably make the tragic works of Guan Hanqing and Shakespeare different. Guan Hanqing was deeply influenced by the traditional Confucian ideology and culture. In addition, he lived in a time of national oppression and bullying. His works must reflect the suffering of the weak and ordinary people living at the bottom of the society and their struggle against it. Shakespeare lived in the era of passionate "Elizabeth", the humanism spirit is high, people are optimistic and positive, so it must be reflected in Shakespeare's works is full of heroic great people, They are not afraid of failure, even if life is gone, they are not afraid. Based on the interpretation of the text, this paper analyzes the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western tragedies through the comparative study of tragic characters, tragic conflicts and tragic outcomes in the tragic works of Guan Hanqing and Shakespeare. The purpose of the study is to excavate the tragic spirit with Chinese characteristics to perfect the Chinese tragic theory and to reverse the lack of the western tragic theory so as to achieve the complementarity of the Chinese and Western tragic theories through mutual reflection. The thesis is mainly divided into four parts, the introduction part briefly expounds the value of the comparative study of Guan Hanqing and Shakespeare's tragedy, introduces the present research situation of Guan Hanqing and Shakespeare's plays, and the research methods of this paper. Chapter one: a comparative study of Guan Hanqing and Shakespeare's tragic characters. This chapter mainly discusses the difference of the social status of the tragic characters and their composing environment from two aspects: all the tragic characters in Guan Hanqing's plays are humble figures living in the civilian society. The tragic characters in Shakespeare's plays are all high figures living in the court. (2) the difference of the destiny of the tragic characters and their different forms of resistance: the tragic characters in Guan Hanqing's plays adopt a tolerant attitude To resist the injustice of fate, The great men who appear in Shakespeare's works are all struggling against disaster. Chapter two: a comparative study of the conflict between Guan Hanqing and Shakespeare. This chapter makes a comparative study of the differences and commonalities of the tragic conflicts between China and the West from three aspects: the causes of tragedy, the structure of tragedy reversal, and the consistency of the settlement of tragic conflicts: Shakespeare's tragedy originates from the conflict of human nature. The tragedy of Guan Hanqing originates from the social conflict.) the reverse structure of tragedy: Shakespeare's tragedy is from descending to reverse and then to death, and Guan Hanqing's tragedy in the end is not turned to death. It is the consistency of the settlement of tragic conflicts-to achieve the progress of history and morality. Chapter three: a comparative study of the tragic ending of Guan Hanqing and Shakespeare. Shakespeare's tragic ending brings the purification of soul, while Guan Hanqing's tragic ending plays a moral role, both of which play a spiritual soothing role. In conclusion, although there are differences in the choice of tragic characters and tragic conflicts between Chinese and Western tragedies, the inner spiritual essence is the same, which is to soothe the soul.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：I0-03;I106

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