梅洛—庞蒂文学观研究

发布时间：2018-08-21 09:13

【摘要】：梅洛-庞蒂作为法国著名的哲学家,他在现象学领域的耕耘颇有建树。目前,国内外学者已对其身体-知觉、美学思想进行了深入的剖析,而国内对其文学思想的研究几乎还处于起步阶段,这并不是说他没有或很少有关于文学的论述,而是因为他有关文学的探讨比较分散,但这并不是我们不去研究的原因。梅洛中后期将对身体-知觉的研究延伸到文化领域中,认为二者具有内在联系,文学与绘画能很好地拓展其现象学领域。梅洛认为,身体与文学表达密切相关,文学领域或是身体-知觉的扩展,文学活动是身体表达行为,在文学活动中,我与他共存于同一经验世界。因此,文学具有“拟躯体性”,并与身体一样,都有一种格式塔结构特征。梅洛的文学观具有“含混性”特征,但这种含混并不是一种以现代生命哲学为基础的“生命本体论”的含混,而是表现为回归感性,重返感性经验世界。梅洛强调,文学具有悖论特征,文学语言的明晰性以不可见的经验世界为黑暗背景;文学具有历史性,是身体主体对经验世界的变形,是一种“经验生活的诗学”;“伟大的散文”是一种“作为表达的文学”,介于“一般的散文”和诗歌之间,具有历史性和创新性。梅洛的文学思想以其哲学理论为基础,受其成长经历与部分哲学家以及哲学思潮的影响。梅洛文学思想的贡献一是表现在对胡塞尔现象学的继承和创新以及对经验主义和理智主义的改良;二是表现在对唯西方主义、科学客观主义以及绝对理性与真理的批评上;三是表现在对格式塔理论的创造性运用;四是表现在将言语与身体放在平等的地位;五是对结构主义和接受美学的拓展。梅洛的文学观对西方文论产生了深远影响,福柯、斯特劳斯等人多次表达梅洛对结构主义文论的重要性。但同时,也要看到梅洛文学观的局限,由于受其现象学思想的影响,他的文学思想并未逃离主—客对立的窠臼,也并未很好地完成文学领域的现象学讨论。
[Abstract]:As a famous French philosopher, Melo Ponty has made great achievements in the field of phenomenology. At present, scholars at home and abroad have made a thorough analysis of his body perception and aesthetic thought, but the domestic study of his literary thought is almost still in its infancy, which is not to say that he has no or few literary expositions. It's because his discussion of literature is scattered, but that's not why we don't study it. Merlot extended the study of body-perception to the field of culture in the middle and later period, and considered that the two were interlinked, and that literature and painting could expand their phenomenological fields well. According to Melo, the body is closely related to literary expression, and literary activity is the behavior of body expression. In literary activity, I coexist with him in the same world of experience. Therefore, literature has "pseudo-somatization" and, like the body, it has a Gestalt structure. Melo's literary view is characterized by "vagueness", but this ambiguity is not a vagueness of "life ontology" based on modern philosophy of life, but a return to sensibility and a return to the world of perceptual experience. Melo stressed that literature has paradoxical characteristics, that the clarity of literary language takes the invisible world of experience as the dark background, that literature is historic, that it is the body subject's transformation of the world of experience, and that it is a kind of "poetics of experiential life". "Great prose" is a kind of "literature as expression", which is historical and innovative between "general prose" and poetry. Melo's literary thought is based on his philosophical theory, influenced by his growing up experience, some philosophers and philosophical thoughts. The contributions of Melo's literary thought include the inheritance and innovation of Husserl's phenomenology, the improvement of empiricism and rationalism, the criticism of westernism, scientific objectivism and absolute rationality and truth. The third is the creative application of Gestalt theory, the fourth is the equal position of speech and body, and the fifth is the expansion of structuralism and reception aesthetics. Melo's literary view has a profound influence on western literary theory. Foucault, Strauss and others have repeatedly expressed Melo's importance to structuralist literary theory. But at the same time, we should also see the limitation of Melo's literary view. Because of the influence of his phenomenological thought, his literary thought has not escaped the stereotype of subject-object antagonism, nor has he completed the phenomenological discussion in literary field very well.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I0

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