典型理论在中国当代边缘化的历史过程
发布时间：2018-10-19 16:13
【摘要】：典型理论是经典马克思主义文艺理论的重要范畴,曾经被视为文学理论的核心问题。我国学者曾就典型的内涵、典型的共性与个性、典型环境与典型人物等问题进行过多次大讨论。然而,随着时代的变化,典型理论在新时期以来逐渐失去往日的光辉,走向了边缘化。关于典型理论边缘化的问题,鲜有学者进行深入全面的研究。本文先以历史研究的方式,结合我国不同时期的社会文化语境,客观地探究典型理论在我国由中心走向边缘的历史过程,继而较为全面地对典型理论边缘化的原因进行分析与反思,从而就这个复杂的理论问题提出一些新的看法。本文除绪论部分外,由三章构成:第一章:典型理论的西方源起及中国的早期接受。本章首先探寻了典型理论在西方的源起和发展,对亚里士多德的早期学说、中世纪的类型说、黑格尔关于人物性格的论述及马克思、恩格斯的典型观进行一番考察;在此基础上,探究了在苏联影响下,典型理论在中国的早期接受情况,从而为下文进一步研究典型理论边缘化的问题奠定基础。第二章:典型理论在中国:由中心到边缘。20世纪50、60年代,学者们积极倡导典型理论,并对其进行了科学化、体系化的建设,典型理论的中心地位得到确立;随着社会大环境的变化,典型理论在20世纪80年代中后期开始遭受冷遇;进入21世纪后,已少有学者再提及该理论。笔者从文学理论教材及理论工作者的新观点出发,对典型理论由盛而衰的边缘化问题确立了研究的维度。第三章:典型理论边缘化的原因与反思。一是外在原因,由于时代环境的巨变,意识形态宽松、多元文化建构、欧美文学思潮涌入、人们思想发生转变等,无不冲击着典型理论;二是内在原因,典型理论自身是非完满的,具有政治化、封闭性、类型化、阶级化、哲学化的倾向,学者在使用该理论进行文学批评时,易忽略文学形象本身的思想性、审美性和艺术性;三是在创作实践上,典型理论遭遇了困境与挑战。在文学创作多元化的当下,典型理论明显缺乏普适性,追求客观本质的典型观难以展现现代生活的碎片化、快节奏,无法充分揭示人们内心的压抑感和荒诞感,因此作家在创作时,往往不再视典型理论为指导了。
[Abstract]:Typical theory is an important category of classical Marxist literary theory, once regarded as the core of literary theory. Chinese scholars have discussed the typical connotation, the typical commonness and individuality, the typical environment and the typical personage many times. However, with the change of the times, the typical theory has gradually lost its former brilliance in the new period. On the issue of the marginalization of typical theories, few scholars have carried out in-depth and comprehensive research. This paper, in the way of historical research, combines the social and cultural context of different periods of our country, and explores objectively the historical process of the typical theory moving from center to edge in our country. Then it makes a comprehensive analysis and reflection on the reason of the marginalization of typical theory, and puts forward some new views on this complicated theoretical problem. In addition to the introduction, this paper consists of three chapters: chapter one: the origin of typical theory and the early acceptance of China. This chapter first explores the origin and development of the typical theory in the West, and examines Aristotle's early theory, the medieval theory of types, Hegel's exposition on the character of characters and Marx's and Engels' typical view. On this basis, it explores the early acceptance of the typical theory in China under the influence of the Soviet Union, thus laying a foundation for the further study of the marginalization of the typical theory. The second chapter: the typical theory in China: from center to edge. In the 1950s and 1960s, the scholars actively advocated the typical theory, and carried on the scientific, systematic construction, the typical theory center position has been established; With the change of the social environment, the typical theory began to suffer a cold reception in the middle and late 1980s. After entering the 21st century, few scholars have mentioned the theory again. Based on the teaching materials of literary theory and the new viewpoints of the theorists, the author establishes the dimension of the research on the marginalization of the typical theory from prosperity to decline. Chapter three: the reason and reflection of the marginalization of typical theory. First, external reasons, due to the great changes in the environment of the times, the loose ideology, the multicultural construction, the influx of European and American literary thoughts and the changes in people's thoughts, all of which are impacting on the typical theory, and the second is the internal reasons. The typical theory itself is not perfect and has the tendency of politicization, closure, typology, classization and philosophy. When scholars use the theory to criticize literature, they tend to ignore the ideological, aesthetic and artistic nature of the literary image itself. Third, in the creative practice, the typical theory encountered difficulties and challenges. At the present time when literary creation is diversified, the typical theory obviously lacks universality, and the typical view of pursuing objective essence is difficult to show the fragmentation and rapid rhythm of modern life, and can not fully reveal the oppression and absurdity of people's heart. Therefore, writers in the creation, often no longer regard the typical theory as a guide.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I0
本文编号：2281654
[Abstract]:Typical theory is an important category of classical Marxist literary theory, once regarded as the core of literary theory. Chinese scholars have discussed the typical connotation, the typical commonness and individuality, the typical environment and the typical personage many times. However, with the change of the times, the typical theory has gradually lost its former brilliance in the new period. On the issue of the marginalization of typical theories, few scholars have carried out in-depth and comprehensive research. This paper, in the way of historical research, combines the social and cultural context of different periods of our country, and explores objectively the historical process of the typical theory moving from center to edge in our country. Then it makes a comprehensive analysis and reflection on the reason of the marginalization of typical theory, and puts forward some new views on this complicated theoretical problem. In addition to the introduction, this paper consists of three chapters: chapter one: the origin of typical theory and the early acceptance of China. This chapter first explores the origin and development of the typical theory in the West, and examines Aristotle's early theory, the medieval theory of types, Hegel's exposition on the character of characters and Marx's and Engels' typical view. On this basis, it explores the early acceptance of the typical theory in China under the influence of the Soviet Union, thus laying a foundation for the further study of the marginalization of the typical theory. The second chapter: the typical theory in China: from center to edge. In the 1950s and 1960s, the scholars actively advocated the typical theory, and carried on the scientific, systematic construction, the typical theory center position has been established; With the change of the social environment, the typical theory began to suffer a cold reception in the middle and late 1980s. After entering the 21st century, few scholars have mentioned the theory again. Based on the teaching materials of literary theory and the new viewpoints of the theorists, the author establishes the dimension of the research on the marginalization of the typical theory from prosperity to decline. Chapter three: the reason and reflection of the marginalization of typical theory. First, external reasons, due to the great changes in the environment of the times, the loose ideology, the multicultural construction, the influx of European and American literary thoughts and the changes in people's thoughts, all of which are impacting on the typical theory, and the second is the internal reasons. The typical theory itself is not perfect and has the tendency of politicization, closure, typology, classization and philosophy. When scholars use the theory to criticize literature, they tend to ignore the ideological, aesthetic and artistic nature of the literary image itself. Third, in the creative practice, the typical theory encountered difficulties and challenges. At the present time when literary creation is diversified, the typical theory obviously lacks universality, and the typical view of pursuing objective essence is difficult to show the fragmentation and rapid rhythm of modern life, and can not fully reveal the oppression and absurdity of people's heart. Therefore, writers in the creation, often no longer regard the typical theory as a guide.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I0
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