《庄子》“意象”论
发布时间：2018-10-25 20:29
【摘要】：“立象尽意”是中国传统文化中的一种普遍思维方式和表达方式,它有着诸多的文化艺术实践。《庄子》包含了十分丰富的意象,这些意象作为表情达意的媒介,除了阐释和言说《庄子》的哲学、美学思想,完成《庄子》的思想体系建构,同时也批判了当时作为主流思想的儒家哲学。《庄子》“释性”意象在阐释“性”这个概念时候,是通过言说“无为”和“真德”展开,分别与郭店简儒家文献《性自命出》说的“有为”和儒家哲学中的“王德”相对。《庄子》“意象”在表达如何活着与怎样对待生命时,认为“凡物无成与毁”,人生不能局限于“有用”或“无用”;在面对生老病死时提倡“安时处顺”,并且尊重生命,不殉名。儒家则认为人活着不仅要“有为”,要成为一个君子,还要求“君子集大成”,并且可以舍生取义,杀身成仁。郭店简《缁衣》篇就说:“君子生不可夺志,死不可夺名。”这些论题都展现出儒道两家对生命意义的不同思考。《庄子》还对“孔子”意象进行艺术化的虚构,批评了儒家提倡的仁义礼乐等核心内容。《庄子》“意象”在经过对人性,人生的思考与论述后,最终上升到对“人”的自适与安顿(人世)的探究,实现对儒家哲学的根本超越。“人”本身始终是《庄子》哲学的起点和归宿,这再次证实《庄子》哲学不仅是人生哲学,也是政治哲学。《庄子》的哲学和美学是一体的,用来表达《庄子》哲学的诸多意象同时也蕴含着《庄子》的美学思想。《庄子》“意象”的美学内涵主要体现在美的观照与大美思想。美的观照就是道的观照,体道要经历“心斋”、“坐忘”等一系列的心理修炼过程,目的是要通过“忘”呈现虚静的心理状态,从而在创作时做到心无旁骛与全神贯注。《庄子》的大美就是合乎道的恬淡虚无、朴素自然之美,这种美学思想对后世的诗文和绘画艺术方面都有深刻的影响。
[Abstract]:As a general way of thinking and expression in Chinese traditional culture, Zhuangzi has a lot of cultural and artistic practices. "Zhuangzi" contains a lot of images, which are used as the medium of expression. In addition to explaining and saying "Zhuangzi" 's philosophy and aesthetic thought, completing the construction of "Zhuangzi" 's ideological system, it also criticizes the Confucian philosophy as the mainstream thought at that time. "interpretation" image is explaining the concept of "nature" in "Zhuangzi". It is through saying "inaction" and "true virtue" that they are opposite to "you" and "Wang De" in Confucian philosophy, respectively, in contrast to the Confucian literature of Guo Dian Jian, "sexual pretensions". < Zhuang Zi] "imagery" expresses how to live and how to treat life. It is believed that life should not be limited to "useful" or "useless". In the face of old age and death to advocate "peace and order," and respect for life, not martyrdom. The Confucianists believed that people should not only "do something" to be a gentleman, but also "a gentleman", and can sacrifice life to get justice and kill people into benevolence. Guo Dian's Jane "Zhe Yi" said: "A gentleman can't snatch his name from birth, nor from his name by death." These topics all show two different thoughts on the meaning of life of Confucianism and Taoism. "Zhuangzi" also makes up artistic fictions of the image of "Confucius", criticizes the core contents of Confucian's promotion of benevolence, propriety and music, etc. The "image" of "Zhuangzi" goes through the process of human nature. After thinking and expounding of life, it finally rises to the self-adaptation of "man" and the exploration of "human being", and realizes the fundamental transcendence of Confucian philosophy. "Man" itself is always the starting point and destination of "Zhuangzi" philosophy, which proves once again that "Zhuangzi" philosophy is not only a philosophy of life, but also a philosophy of politics. Many images used to express Zhuangzi's philosophy also contain the aesthetic thought of Zhuangzi. The aesthetic connotations of "image" are mainly embodied in the aesthetic thoughts of beauty and beauty. Beauty is the view of the Tao. The body and Taoism have to go through a series of psychological practices, such as "Zhai", "sitting forgetting" and so on, with the aim of presenting an empty and quiet state of mind through "forgetting". The great beauty of Zhuangzi is the tranquil nihility of the Tao and the beauty of simplicity and nature. This aesthetic thought has a profound influence on the poetry and painting art of later generations.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I01
本文编号：2294757
[Abstract]:As a general way of thinking and expression in Chinese traditional culture, Zhuangzi has a lot of cultural and artistic practices. "Zhuangzi" contains a lot of images, which are used as the medium of expression. In addition to explaining and saying "Zhuangzi" 's philosophy and aesthetic thought, completing the construction of "Zhuangzi" 's ideological system, it also criticizes the Confucian philosophy as the mainstream thought at that time. "interpretation" image is explaining the concept of "nature" in "Zhuangzi". It is through saying "inaction" and "true virtue" that they are opposite to "you" and "Wang De" in Confucian philosophy, respectively, in contrast to the Confucian literature of Guo Dian Jian, "sexual pretensions". < Zhuang Zi] "imagery" expresses how to live and how to treat life. It is believed that life should not be limited to "useful" or "useless". In the face of old age and death to advocate "peace and order," and respect for life, not martyrdom. The Confucianists believed that people should not only "do something" to be a gentleman, but also "a gentleman", and can sacrifice life to get justice and kill people into benevolence. Guo Dian's Jane "Zhe Yi" said: "A gentleman can't snatch his name from birth, nor from his name by death." These topics all show two different thoughts on the meaning of life of Confucianism and Taoism. "Zhuangzi" also makes up artistic fictions of the image of "Confucius", criticizes the core contents of Confucian's promotion of benevolence, propriety and music, etc. The "image" of "Zhuangzi" goes through the process of human nature. After thinking and expounding of life, it finally rises to the self-adaptation of "man" and the exploration of "human being", and realizes the fundamental transcendence of Confucian philosophy. "Man" itself is always the starting point and destination of "Zhuangzi" philosophy, which proves once again that "Zhuangzi" philosophy is not only a philosophy of life, but also a philosophy of politics. Many images used to express Zhuangzi's philosophy also contain the aesthetic thought of Zhuangzi. The aesthetic connotations of "image" are mainly embodied in the aesthetic thoughts of beauty and beauty. Beauty is the view of the Tao. The body and Taoism have to go through a series of psychological practices, such as "Zhai", "sitting forgetting" and so on, with the aim of presenting an empty and quiet state of mind through "forgetting". The great beauty of Zhuangzi is the tranquil nihility of the Tao and the beauty of simplicity and nature. This aesthetic thought has a profound influence on the poetry and painting art of later generations.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I01
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