聚焦叙事的伦理意蕴

发布时间：2018-11-12 20:24

【摘要】： 叙事伦理作为一种新的批评方式,近年来引起了广泛的影响。本文的目的在于通过将“聚焦”这个叙事学领域内非常重要的范畴作为切入点,将叙事伦理这种批评方法进行一次实践。前言部分,通过介绍道德批评和审美批评各自的发展史,本文认为叙事伦理这种批评方法作为一种将道德批评和审美批评结合起来的尝试,是有着很大的理论意义和实践价值的。第一部分,零聚焦叙事的特点在于作者具有高高在上的地位,可以任意插入自己的评论。在伦理意蕴方面,零聚焦叙事具有一种上帝般的伦理优势,因此常用俯视的视角来进行叙述。作者利用自己的优势,随意进行评论性的插入,对读者进行道德训诫。而读者的主动性相对较小,对叙述者亦步亦趋,是叙述者进行道德教化的对象。零聚焦的出现根源于人类对真实性的追求,同时也受到了当时时代思潮的影响。第二部分,对人物内心的关注是内聚焦叙事的长处。在伦理意蕴方面,内聚焦叙事体现出了一种对个人价值的肯定。在小说中,作者让位于隐含作者,作者的声音更加隐蔽。内聚焦叙事对读者具有很强的感染力。内聚焦叙事的出现反映出人们的兴趣已经从对外部世界的观察深入到对内部世界的自醒,个体的意义日益重要。第三部分,外聚焦叙事是一种外在于故事的聚焦方式。在伦理意蕴方面,外聚焦这种不对故事作道德评价的“非人格化”叙述反映了作者在价值问题上的冷漠与超然。作者在小说叙事过程中竭力隐藏自己的声音,回避作者本人的情感及价值判断。外聚焦叙事能够造成一种阅读的主动性,读者在没有任何参照的情况下,通过自己对文本的理解做出对文本意义的解读。外聚焦叙事是现代资本主义社会中异化现实的反映。第四部分,多聚焦叙事是对以上三种聚焦方式的综合运用。在伦理意蕴方面,多聚焦叙事带有很强的后现代色彩,在小说形式上与之前的小说有着很大的不同,带有明显的消解权威、否定价值的倾向。在后现代小说中,作者暴露操作痕迹的目的是为了系统地、有意识地向读者揭露小说的虚构本质。文本意义理解上的多义性与不确定性使得读者莫衷一是,难以得到确定的意义。多聚焦叙事是后现代语境下的一种叙事策略。结语部分,总结本文的主要内容,认为聚焦方式如同作者看待世界的眼睛,不管这双眼睛究竟看到了什么,但是这种看的方式本身就具有独立的伦理意义,值得引起我们的注意。
[Abstract]:As a new way of criticism, narrative ethics has caused extensive influence in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to put the critical method of narrative ethics into practice by taking "focus", a very important category in the field of narratology, as a starting point. In the preface, by introducing the history of moral criticism and aesthetic criticism, this paper holds that narrative ethics is an attempt to combine moral criticism with aesthetic criticism. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value. In the first part, the characteristics of zero-focus narration are that the author has a high position and can insert his comments at will. In terms of ethical implication, zero-focus narrative has a God-like ethical advantage, so it is often described from the perspective of overlooking. The author makes use of his own advantage, carries on the critical insertion at will, carries on the moral admonition to the reader. But the reader's initiative is relatively small, the narrator follows the same trend, is the narrator carries on the moral enlightenment object. The emergence of zero-focus is rooted in the pursuit of reality and influenced by the trend of thought at that time. In the second part, the focus on the inner heart of the characters is the strength of the internal focus narrative. In the aspect of ethical implication, the narrative of internal focus embodies an affirmation of personal value. In the novel, the author gives way to the implied author and his voice is more concealed. The narrative of internal focus has a strong appeal to readers. The appearance of internal focus narrative reflects the interest of people from the observation of the external world to the self-awakening of the internal world, and the significance of the individual is becoming more and more important. The third part, the external focus narrative is a way of focusing on the story. In terms of ethical implication, the "depersonalization" narration which focuses on the moral evaluation of the story reflects the author's apathy and detachment on the value issue. The author tries to hide his voice and avoid his emotion and value judgment in the narrative process of the novel. The narration of external focus can lead to a kind of reading initiative. Readers can interpret the meaning of the text through their own understanding of the text without any reference. The external focus narrative is the reflection of the alienation reality in the modern capitalist society. The fourth part, the multi-focus narrative is the comprehensive application of the above three focusing ways. In terms of ethical implication, multi-focus narration has a strong post-modern color, and has a very different form from the previous novel, with a clear tendency to dispel authority and negate value. In postmodern novels, the author's purpose is to expose the fictional nature of the novel to the reader systematically and consciously. The ambiguity and uncertainty in understanding the meaning of the text makes the reader different and difficult to obtain the definite meaning. Multi-focus narrative is a kind of narrative strategy in post-modern context. The conclusion part summarizes the main content of this paper, and thinks that the focusing way is like the eyes of the author, no matter what the eyes see, but this way of viewing has its own independent ethical significance. It deserves our attention.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：I06

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