卡特的《马戏团之夜》和莫里森的《宠儿》中的魔幻现实主义比较研究

发布时间：2018-12-29 16:12

【摘要】： 魔幻现实主义是二十世纪新兴起的文学流派之一。它于二十世纪五六十年代兴起于拉丁美洲,七十年代传入欧洲和北美。魔幻现实主义植根于拉美寡头黑暗统治的现实生活中,融汇、吸纳古印第安文学、现实主义文学与西方现当代文学的有益经验,将幻象、神话与现实相结合,大胆借鉴象征、荒诞、意识流等西方现代主义和后现代主义文学的各种表现技巧、手法,以鲜明、独特的拉美地域色彩为特征。其显著特征可以归纳为四大类:民族性、杂合性、魔幻性和繁复性。魔幻现实主义有利于当代文学界的多样性和杂合化,及其反对殖民主义的发展趋势。本文以两位当代著名的非拉美女性作家安吉拉·卡特和托尼·莫里森的代表作《马戏团之夜》和《宠儿》为文本,比较了其中的魔幻现实主义特征,分析其异同,并剖析了传统的拉美魔幻现实主义、后现代主义、白人文化和黑人文化这两种不同文化,以及女权主义和后殖民主义给这两部作品带来的影响。安吉拉·卡特的《马戏团之夜》和托尼·莫里森的《宠儿》中所表现出的魔幻现实主义特征相同点包括片段化、荒谬性和象征手法的运用。其中,片段化主要体现在这两部作品中所共同表现出的时间的错乱和叙述的并置;荒谬性主要体现在这两部作品中所运用的奇幻的想象和哥特式描写;其象征手法的共性则可归为四类:背景环境——《马戏团之夜》中的“马戏团”和《宠儿》中的“甜蜜之家”、主要人物——《马戏团之夜》中的“蜘蛛网”和《宠儿》中的“宠儿”、人物的身体特征——《马戏团之夜》中菲弗尔斯背上的翅膀和《宠儿》中塞斯背上的“树”状疤痕,以及某些液体意象——《马戏团之夜》中的经血和《宠儿》中的水。这两部作品的不同点主要表现在两方面:首先,二者所描述的人物群体不同——《马戏团之夜》为读者呈现了一个女性怪物博物馆,而《宠儿》则描写了一个鬼魂缠绕的黑人社区;第二,二者魔幻性的来源不同——《马戏团之夜》借用西方神话和童话作为其魔幻性的素材,而《宠儿》则将其魔幻性建立在非洲信仰和传说的基础上。此外,这两部作品的魔幻现实主义特征存在异同,有其各自原因。由于魔幻现实主义最早在拉美地区兴起,这两部表现魔幻主义的作品不免都受到传统拉美魔幻现实主义的影响,因而都具有传统拉美魔幻现实主义的共同特征;又由于这两部作品的作家都是当代作家,其思想和写作手法不免受到后现代主义的影响,都表现出明显的后现代主义特征(如片段化、怪诞等)。然而,由于写作的侧重点,以及民族和种族的不同,这两位作家的作品中所表现出的魔幻现实主义存在很大差异似乎则是必然的:《马戏团之夜》的魔幻现实主义主要受到了女权主义的影响,而对女性进行了大胆、夸张的刻画;《宠儿》则主要受到其作者的黑人身份的影响,用错乱、离奇、甚至恐怖的魔幻现实主义表现手法对奴隶制及白人文化霸权给予了辛辣的批判,从而表现出后殖民主义对其魔幻现实主义特征的影响。本文通过比较和对比安吉拉·卡特和托尼·莫里森这两位作家的代表作中所表现出的魔幻现实主义特征,发现这两部作品在继承了传统拉美魔幻现实主义——杂合性、魔幻性、繁复性——的基础上,又演绎出其不同于拉美的魔幻现实主义特征,如后现代主义、女权主义等;对于进一步探索魔幻现实主义具有一定的价值和意义,并有助于更好地理解和研究安吉拉·卡特和托尼·莫里森这两位作家及其代表作。
[Abstract]:The magic realism is one of the new literary schools in the 20th century. It emerged in the 1950s and 1960s in Latin America and the 1970s into Europe and North America. The magic realism is rooted in the real life of the dark rule of the Latin American oligarchs, and combines the beneficial experience of the ancient Indian literature, the realist literature and the western modern literature, and combines the illusion, the myth and the reality, and has the bold reference of the symbol and the absurdity. The various expression techniques and techniques of western modernism and post-modernism literature, such as the elementary stream, are characterized by distinct and unique Latin American region colors. It can be divided into four categories: nationality, heterozygosity, magic and complexity. The magic realism is beneficial to the diversity and the hybrid of the contemporary literary world and the development trend of the anti-colonialism. In this paper, two famous non-Latin American female writers, Angela Carter and Toni Morrison, were made to compare the characteristics of the magic realism, analyze the similarities and differences, and analyze the traditional Latin American magic. The two different cultures of reality, post-modernism, white culture and black culture, as well as the two works of feminism and post-colonialism The influence of Angela Carter's and Tony Morrison's The same point includes fragmentation, absurdity, and The application of the symbolic method, in which the fragmentation is mainly embodied in the confusion and the narration of the time common in the two works; the absurdity is mainly embodied in the fantasy and the Gothic description of the two works; the symbol of its symbolic technique The sex can be classified into four categories: the background environment, the circus in the circus and the sweet home in the , the body characteristics of the character _ to present a female monster museum to the reader, and the describes a ghost. A black community in which the soul is wound; the second, the source of the magic of the two is different from that of the circus. The night of the circus is to borrow the western myth and the fairy tale as its magic material. On the basis of African beliefs and legends. In addition, the magic of these two works The similarities and differences in the characteristics of the doctrine of magic have their respective reasons. Because of the emergence of the magic realism in the Latin American region, the two films of the magic of the magic have been influenced by the traditional Latin American magic realism, and thus have the common characteristics of the traditional Latin American magic realism; and The writers of these two works are contemporary writers, and their thoughts and writing techniques are not subject to the influence of post-modernism. The characteristics of the generation (such as fragmentation, grotesque, etc.). However, as the focus of writing, as well as the differences between the nation and the race, there is a great difference in the magic realism of the two writers, which seems to be the inevitable: the magic of the night of the circus. The real doctrine is mainly influenced by the feminism, and the bold and exaggerated depiction of the female; and the child is mainly influenced by the black identity of the author, and is used for slavery by means of the magic realistic expression of the disorder, the strange and even the terror. The culture hegemony of the white and the white of the white people has given the bitter criticism, thus showing the post-colonial By comparing and comparing the magic realism features of the two writers of Angela Carter and Toni Morrison, the two works have been found to inherit the traditional Latin American magic reality. On the basis of the doctrine of heterozygosity, magic, and complexity _, it is different from the magic realism of Latin America, such as post-modernism, feminism, etc. The exploration of magic realism has certain value and significance, and helps to better understand and study Angela.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：I0-03;I106.4

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