莎士比亚“十四行诗”和李商隐《无题》诗的比较研究

发布时间：2019-04-16 20:27

【摘要】： 李商隐,晚唐著名诗人。长骈文写作,诗作文学价值很高,他和杜牧合称“小李杜”,与温庭筠合称为“温李”。无题诗是李商隐在唐代诗歌艺术上的代表作,在诗里常以自己的感怀和心境作为真实的思想内涵,表达身世之悲和处境的凄楚,深刻细腻而地表现了晚唐知识分子的思想状态、感情波动和心理特征。莎士比亚是16世纪英国文艺复兴时期伟大的戏剧家和诗人。“文艺复兴”的时代成就了莎士比亚,让他获得了戏剧上的最高成就,他的十四行诗也从不同的侧面体现了那个时代的精神风貌。李商隐和莎士比亚之间存在着时空、国别、文化、社会背景上的差异,但他们之间在很多方面可以进行平行比较研究。莎士比亚所处的时代决定了他的诗歌的思想内容积极向上,语言清新优美,富有表现力,给人启迪。晚唐这一特定历史环境下的审美特质,也深刻地影响了李商隐创作的风格,他从现实与理想的落差之中体悟到的真情实感,委婉曲折地抒发在《无题》诗中。诗歌就其“真善美”来说是统一的。李商隐的“真”体现在他对儒家传统诗教守则和他个人性格的执着真挚上;莎士比亚的“真”与他所受的人文主义的影响有关,代表着真实与忠贞。李商隐的“善“融于诗歌的“纯净”之中,与同时代的诗人相比,他的诗篇纯净高雅,不流于艳亵,;莎士比亚的“善”包含在他与朋友深厚友谊和他对朋友高尚品德的歌颂里。两个人的诗作无疑都是美的,区别是李商隐是一种悲剧之美,不仅写了爱情的间阻的痛苦,同时也慨叹自身命运的凄凉;而莎士比亚则高歌“生命之美”,是一种对永恒和光明的追求。莎士比亚的十四行诗和李商隐的《无题》是都涵盖了很多的自然意象,虽然中外的语言不同,诗人的生存背景不同,甚至在时间上都没有任何交集,但两位诗人在自然意象的运用和把握上还是有着相似之处。以中西文化的源头为起点,即“天人合一”和“主客相分”中西哲学理论,来探求这些相似的“自然意象”背后的本质区别和根本原因。两种诗体在诗篇结构上存在着很多相似之处,虽然英语和汉语是不同的语言,在表现形式上也有很大的差异,英语使用形合的衔接手段,汉语使用意合的衔接手段,但在整个诗篇结构的语义连贯方面呈现出了很多的相似性,都采取了“起承转合”的诗篇模式。莎士比亚诗歌的创新基于对传统十四行诗继承,并赋予个人的特色和当时的时代精神。李商隐则独辟蹊径,选择创写《无题》诗,这更适合他含蓄阴柔、欲说还休的朦胧诗风,他将这种朦胧含蓄之美推向了极致。
[Abstract]:Li Shangyin, a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. Long parallel prose writing, poetry literary value is very high, he and du Mu called "Xiao Li du", and Wen Tingyun known as "Wen Li". The poem without title is Li Shangyin's representative work in the poetry art of Tang Dynasty, in which his feelings and state of mind are often regarded as the true ideological connotation, expressing the sorrow of his life and the misery of the situation, and expressing the ideological state of the intellectuals of the late Tang Dynasty in a profound and delicate way. Emotional fluctuations and psychological characteristics. Shakespeare was a great dramatist and poet of the English Renaissance in the 16th century. The Renaissance era made Shakespeare the highest achievement in drama, and his sonnets reflected the spirit of that era in different ways. There are differences in space-time, country, culture and social background between Li Shangyin and Shakespeare, but they can be compared in many ways. Shakespeare's time decided that his poetry thought content is positive, the language is fresh and beautiful, full of expressive, enlightening. The aesthetic characteristics in the special historical environment of the late Tang Dynasty also profoundly influenced the style of Li Shangyin's creation. The true feelings he realized from the gap between reality and ideals were expressed in the poem without title by euphemism and twists and turns. Poetry is unified in terms of its "truth, goodness and beauty." Li Shangyin's "truth" is embodied in his persistent sincerity of Confucian traditional poetic and educational rules and his personal character; Shakespeare's "truth" is related to the influence of humanism and represents truth and faithfulness. Li Shangyin's "good" melts in the "purity" of poetry, compared with the poets of the same era, his poems are pure and elegant, and do not fall into showy obscenity; Shakespeare's goodness is contained in his deep friendship with his friends and in his praise of their noble virtues. The difference is that Li Shangyin is a kind of tragic beauty, not only wrote the pain between the obstacles of love, but also lamented the desolation of his own destiny; Shakespeare, on the other hand, sings "the Beauty of Life", which is the pursuit of eternity and light. Shakespeare's sonnet and Li Shangyin's "No title" cover a lot of natural images. Although the Chinese and foreign languages are different, the poet's living background is different, and even there is no overlap in time. But the two poets still have similarities in the use and grasp of natural images. Taking the origin of Chinese and Western culture as the starting point, that is, "the unity of heaven and man" and "the separation of subject and object", this paper explores the essential differences and fundamental reasons behind these similar "natural images". There are many similarities in Psalm structure between the two types of poems, although English and Chinese are different languages, and there are also great differences in the form of expression. English uses formal cohesive devices, and Chinese uses paratactic cohesive devices, and there are many similarities between the two types of poems in terms of the structure of the Psalms, although English and Chinese are different languages and forms of expression. However, there are many similarities in the semantic coherence of the whole structure of the Psalms, all of which adopt the Psalm model of "take-off and turn-and-turn". The creation of Shakespeare's poetry is based on inheriting the traditional sonnet, giving individual characteristics and the spirit of the times at that time. Li Shangyin, on the other hand, chose to create a poem without title, which is more suitable for his subtle and quiet style of poetry, which he pushed to the extreme.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：I0-03;I106

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