王尔德的自由观

发布时间：2018-01-01 17:03

本文关键词：王尔德的自由观　出处：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：关于王尔德的自由观，批评界历来就有很多不同的看法，但是缺乏比较系统的论述。本文通过对王尔德的理论、创作及其人生道路的梳理，阐述了其自由思想的成因、内涵及其实现方式与得失，，探讨了王尔德的自由观。全文共分四个部分来阐述。第一部分：阐述王尔德自由思想的成因。本文主要总结了三个原因，追寻生命意义的渴望；作为一个“边缘人”的内在需求；对人的个性丧失的焦虑。第二部分：阐述王尔德自由思想的内涵。个性自由是王尔德自由观的核心，在王尔德的心里有两种自由的个性：理想世界中的和现实世界中的。在王尔德看来，这两个世界中的个性虽然都是指向自由的，但是它们的生成方式却是有区别的。理想世界中的自由的个性的生成是平和的、自然而然的、轻松的；而现实的世界中的个性的生成是沉重的、充满着反叛的意味的，需要个体的人付出很大的努力。第三部分：主要是探讨王尔德关于个性自由的实现方式的理论。王尔德不仅赋予个性自由以独特的内涵，而且还设计出了种种实现个性自由的方式。本文以王尔德入狱为标志，将他的人生大致分为前期和后期两个阶段。在前期，王尔德追求快乐排斥痛苦，他提出的个性自由的实现方式主要有快乐、罪恶和痛苦。后期，在极度的痛苦中王尔德对生命有了新的思考，这一时期他提出的个性自由的实现方式主要是爱、痛苦和罪恶。其实，对爱的宣扬贯穿王尔德的一生，只是在后期王尔德对这一因素做了特别的强调。另外，王尔德在前期和后期都提到了罪恶对实现人的个性自由的作用，但是它们的出发点却发生了变化。前期王尔德强调罪恶的作用主要是基于对社会的反叛。入狱后，王尔德强调罪恶的作用主要是基于对灵魂的救赎，着重的是忏悔的意义。第四部分：主要是从艺术与现实两个层面探讨王尔德自由观的意义与局限。在艺术层面上来说，王尔德一方面捍卫了艺术的独立性，一方面又走向了艺术至上的极端，彻底割断了艺术与现实的联系，使艺术丧失了其应有的社会意义。在现实层面上来说，王尔德的自由观表达了一种对当前现实的批判，但同时也是一种对现实的遮蔽，只会使现状固有，最终也将抽空自由的精神力量。
[Abstract]:On Wilde's view of freedom, critics always have many different views, but lack of systematic discussion. Based on Wilde's theory of creation and life review, describes the causes of the freedom of thought, the connotation and the realization way and the pros and cons, discusses Wilde's concept of freedom. The text is divided into four parts parts.
The first part is about the cause of Wilde's free thought. This paper mainly summarizes three reasons, the pursuit of meaning of life, the internal demand as a "marginal man", and the anxiety of human's personality loss.
The second part elaborates the connotation of Wilde's idea of freedom. Freedom is the core of Wilde's concept of freedom, there are two kinds of free personality in the heart of Wilde: in the world and the real world. In the view of Wilde, the two in the world of personality though they are pointing to the free, but the way they generate the difference in the ideal world. Generation of free personality is flat and, naturally, easily generated in the real world; personality is heavy, full of rebellious means, the needs of individual people pay great efforts.
The third part mainly discusses the theory and Realization of Wilde about the freedom of personality. Wilde not only gives the individual freedom with unique connotation, but also designed a variety of realization manners of personality freedom. Based on the imprisonment of Wilde as a symbol of his life can be divided into early and late two stages. In the early stage of Wilde's pursuit of happiness the pain of rejection, he proposed the realization manners of personality freedom are happy, evil and suffering. Later, Wilde in the agony of a new thinking of life, the realization manners of personality freedom during this period, he proposed mainly is love, suffering and evil. In fact, the love spread throughout the life of Wilde but, in the late Wilde on this factor particularly emphasized. In addition, Wilde mentioned the sin of realizing freedom of personality in the early and late, but they are Wilde's emphasis on evil is mainly based on rebellion against society. In the early stage, Wilde emphasized that the role of evil is mainly based on the salvation of the soul, especially on the meaning of repentance.
The fourth part: it mainly discusses the meaning and limitation of Wilde's view of freedom from two aspects of art and reality.
In the art level, Wilde has defended the independence of art, on the one hand and towards the artistic supremacy of the extreme, completely cut off contact with reality art, art lost its social significance. In reality, Wilde's concept of freedom of expression of a current reality criticism but at the same time, is also a cover of the reality, will only make the situation inherent, will eventually get the freedom of spiritual power.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.06

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