索尔仁尼琴小说的苦难主题研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 04:21

本文关键词：索尔仁尼琴小说的苦难主题研究　出处：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：亚历山大·伊萨耶维奇·索尔仁尼琴(Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn1918-2008),20世纪俄国最著名,最具有争议的作家之一,俄罗斯文学史上第四位诺贝尔文学奖获得者。他是苏联“劳改营题材文学”的开创者,曾向世界宣告“一句真话的分量比整个世界还重”,被誉为“俄罗斯的良心”,他的作品具有强烈的批判意识和人道主义情怀。本文的绪论部分简要介绍了索尔仁尼琴的跌宕人生和他的文学创作,描述并分析、总结了国内外对索尔仁尼琴的整体研究现状。笔者发现,虽然人道主义是目前国内研究索尔仁尼琴作品的热点,但是对索尔仁尼琴作品中的苦难书写却鲜有人涉猎,仅有一篇论文是关于苦难的专门探讨,是用汉娜·阿伦特的极权理论来批评解读索氏作品的。众所周知,宗教对索尔仁尼琴的影响非常深刻,他甚至认为东正教是疗救俄罗斯的良方,而东正教中对苦难也有独特的理解,因此,本文拟从宗教的角度来解读索尔仁尼琴作品中的苦难主题。论文第一章主要分析索尔仁尼琴作品中的种种苦难,归纳概括索氏作品中的人物在面对苦难时的人生百态。笔者认为,索氏作品中的苦难,不只是集中营中的劳改,还有日常生活的疾病和贫穷等等。苦难既是上帝对昔日作恶者的惩罚,也是那些坚韧正直的人历练灵魂的山谷,他们因经历苦难而更加接近上帝。论文第二章分析索尔仁尼琴以苦难为作品主题的原因,包括四个方面：时代语境、自身经历、文化传统和宗教信仰。20世纪30年代苏联大清洗运动的时代语境加上索尔仁尼琴自身的患难经历,使苦难成为他作品反映的主题,同时俄罗斯民族传统中对苦难的独特态度和索氏对东正教的信仰,使得他在书写苦难的时候,不仅仅为了揭露现实,而有更深刻的表达。论文第三章探讨索尔仁尼琴书写苦难的意义,包含两个方面,一是索尔仁尼琴的写作行为实践了他“不要靠谎言活着”的生活信念,体现了他作为一个俄罗斯知识分子强烈的使命意识；二是索氏文学作品中体现了他对于苦难的独特感悟和理解,他的人物在苦难中仍追问“人靠什么活着”,反抗极权政治对个体的戕害,即使在苦难中仍保持人的尊严,闪耀出美好的人性,给人以力量和温暖,他们通过苦难来洗涤自己心灵的尘埃,获得灵魂的救赎。结语追述自己选择以索尔仁尼琴作品中的苦难主题为题的原因,总结概括全文。索尔仁尼琴的一生历经磨难,他作品中人物对于苦难的富有深意的态度,实际上也是他自己对于苦难的态度。苦难使他的身体受到伤害,心灵却因此而变得更加充实和深刻。他对苦难的思考给后人以启迪,具有永恒的意义。
[Abstract]:Alexander Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn1918-2008) in twentieth Century, Russia's most famous, one of the most controversial writers in Russia, fourth on the literary history of the Nobel prize for literature. He is the pioneer of the "camp literature", has been to the world that "the truth is more important than the whole world, known as the" Russia's conscience ", his works have a strong sense of criticism and humanism.
The introduction part briefly introduces Solzhenitsyn and his life and literary creation, description and analysis, summarizes the overall status of Solzhenitsyn's study at home and abroad. The author found that, while the humanitarian is currently a research hotspot of the works of Solzhenitsyn, but for the suffering writing in Solzhenitsyn's works, there are few studies, only one article is special discussion about suffering, with Hannah Arendt's totalitarian theory to criticism Soxlet's works. As everyone knows, religion has profound influences on Solzhenitsyn, he even thought that is a good way to cure the Russian Orthodox Church, the Orthodox Church of misery also has a unique understanding, therefore, this paper intends to interpret the theme of suffering in Solzhenitsyn's works from the angle of religion.
The first chapter mainly analyzes the troubles in Solzhenitsyn's works, summarizes the Soxhlet characters in the face of suffering, the vicissitudes of life. The author believes that the cable's works of suffering, not only in labor camps, and the daily life of disease and poverty. Suffering is God to punish the perpetrators of former also, those tough honest people experience the soul of the valley, because of their suffering and closer to God.
The second chapter analyzes the reasons for the suffering theme of the works of Solzhenitsyn, which includes four aspects: context, context experience, cultural tradition and religious belief.20 century 30s Soviet purges with Solzhenitsyn's own experience to make trouble, suffering become his works reflect the theme, beliefs and unique attitude towards the suffering the Russian national tradition of the Orthodox Church and Soxhlet, so when he was writing the suffering, not only to expose the reality, and more profound expression.
In the third chapter, the significance of Solzhenitsyn's writing of misery, contains two aspects, one is the act of writing Solzhenitsyn's practice of his "don't live a lie" belief in life, shows him as a Russian intellectuals, a strong sense of mission; two is the Soxlet in literary works reflects his unique perception and understanding of the suffering his characters in suffering, still questioning "people rely on what to live", against the totalitarian political harm on the individual, even in suffering still maintain human dignity, to shine beautiful human nature, to give people strength and warm, they wash their hearts dust through suffering, for the salvation of the soul.
The traces of their choice in the works of Solzhenitsyn in the title of the suffering theme, summed up the full text. Solzhenitsyn's life after suffering, the suffering of the characters in his works for meaningful attitude, is actually his own attitude to the suffering. Suffering makes his body hurt, the heart has become more rich and profound. He the suffering of thinking for future generations of enlightenment, has eternal significance.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I512.074

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