从《列王》看人类生存困境

发布时间：2018-01-12 14:42

本文关键词：从《列王》看人类生存困境　出处：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：托马斯·哈代(Thomas Hardy)是英国乃至世界文学史上举足轻重的作家,他横跨两个世纪,生逢英国转型时期。由于哈代所处的时期受到兴起的资本主义冲击,传统的宗法制社会的价值观面临着史无前例的冲击和挑战。19世纪中后期,现代文明尚未成熟,生活在这一特定时期的人们在精神上表现出极大的困惑和迷茫。哈代之所以能够立足于世界文坛,很大程度上是因为他的作品能从独特的视角出发,即从人类自身出发,审视人类的内心世界,来关怀人物的命运,探寻人类的出路。近年来,国内对于哈代的研究主要集中于其性格与环境小说,研究哈代的悲剧思想、女性观和宗教思想等。而对哈代诗歌研究较少,对史诗剧《列王》的探讨几乎无人涉及。因此,本文主要采用文本分析的方法深层解读《列王》,分析哈代对由战争引起的人类生存困境的看法。哈代以往的小说,多以男、女主人公命运发展为主线,探究个人的命运发展；而《列王》取材于拿破仑战争,再现了1805-1815动荡、混乱的欧洲。与诸多歌颂拿破仑丰功伟绩的作品不同,哈代把拿破仑塑造成一个欧洲的独裁者、生存困境的制造者。首先,本文探讨了《列王》中反映的由战争而带来的生存危机,哈代对战争进行了浓墨重彩的描写,叙述了拿破仑战争对生命的戕害、对平民百姓财富的掠夺。哈代在描写生存危机时,回忆了威塞克斯农村生活的恬静景象,与拿破仑战争所造成的惨烈景象形成了鲜明对比。从哈代对战争所造成的生存危机的描述,我们可以窥见其对战争的厌恶、对人类命运的担忧和思考。其次,本文深度分析了造成人类生存困境的原因。哈代通过时光精灵和怜悯精灵之口,向我们表述其眼中旧英雄的形象特征。本文分析了旧英雄的典型代表拿破仑,描述其向人类施加的种种生存危机和困境,特别是拿破仑发动的一系列战争对生灵的残害,以及给人们造成的精神困惑。在哈代看来,旧英雄是导致生存困境的最主要因素,最终必将被历史淘汰。在《列王》中,怜悯精灵描述了新英雄的最主要特征,即不向民众施加任何的伤害。这与以自我为中心、为了追求个人权力置他人生存于不顾的拿破仑截然相反。哈代在《列王》中也表现出了积极的信念：即新英雄必将战胜新英雄。论文结论部分指出,托马斯·哈代认为拿破仑带来的战争是导致生存困境的主要因素,并希望新英雄的价值观最终被社会的大多数所接受,从而最终创造和谐的人类社会。本文的研究意在进一步探讨哈代对人类生存的看法,希望在对扩展国内哈代作品的批评视野方面有所启发。研究托马斯·哈代的作品对于探讨维多利亚时代的英国文学有非常重要的意义,有助于促进中国文学研究与世界文学研究的交流；哈代的作品对人生和社会充满睿智的思考,对当今建设和谐社会有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Thomas Hardyis is an important writer in the history of English and world literature, spanning two centuries. Due to the rise of capitalism in Hardy's period, the values of the traditional patriarchal society are facing unprecedented impact and challenge in the middle and late 19th century. Modern civilization is not yet mature, people living in this particular period show great confusion and confusion in spirit. Hardy was able to base himself on the world literary world. To a large extent, his works can start from a unique perspective, that is, from the human own, examine the inner world of human beings, to care about the fate of the characters, to explore the way out of human beings. In recent years, the domestic studies on Hardy mainly focus on his character and environment novels, his tragic thoughts, female views and religious thoughts, etc. Therefore, this paper mainly uses the method of text analysis to deeply interpret "King of the column". Analysis of Hardy's views on the plight of human existence caused by war. Hardy's previous novels take the fate of the male and female protagonists as the main line to explore the fate of the individual. The "kings" is based on the Napoleon War, reproducing 1805-1815 turbulent and chaotic Europe, unlike many works that eulogize Napoleon's great achievements. Hardy shaped Napoleon as a European dictator, the maker of living difficulties. First of all, this paper discusses the survival crisis caused by the war, which is reflected in the "kings", and Hardy describes the war and describes the damage to life caused by the Napoleon War. The plundering of civilian wealth Hardy recalls the tranquil scene of rural life in Wessex when describing the survival crisis. From Hardy's description of the existential crisis caused by the war, we can see his aversion to war and his worries and thoughts about the fate of mankind. Secondly, this paper deeply analyzes the causes of the plight of human survival. Hardy through the mouth of time elves and pity elves. This paper analyzes the typical representative of the old hero Napoleon and describes the various survival crises and dilemmas he has imposed on human beings. In particular, Napoleon waged a series of wars that maimed life and caused spiritual confusion. In Hardy's view, the old hero is the most important factor leading to the plight of survival, and will eventually be eliminated by history. In the King, pity elves describe the main features of the new hero. That is, not inflicting any harm on the people. This is self-centered. Napoleon, in pursuit of personal power, ignored the survival of others. In Kings, Hardy also showed a positive belief that the new hero would prevail over the new hero. The conclusion of the paper points out that Thomas Hardy believes that the war brought by Napoleon is the main factor leading to the plight of survival and hopes that the values of the new hero will eventually be accepted by the majority of society. In order to ultimately create a harmonious human society. The purpose of this study is to further explore Hardy's views on human survival. I hope to be inspired in expanding the critical horizons of Hardy's works in China. The study of Thomas Hardy's works is of great significance to the study of Victorian English literature. It is helpful to promote the communication between Chinese literature research and world literature research. Hardy's works are full of wise thinking about life and society, and have certain guiding significance to the construction of harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.073

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