论亚里士多德《诗学》中的“好人”

发布时间：2018-01-15 10:39

本文关键词：论亚里士多德《诗学》中的“好人”　出处：《湖北大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文从悲剧主角“好人”说起,通过词义的原文、译文(中英文)梳理,总结出《诗学》中“好人”的几种译法：好的外表、高贵的身份、道德美及好的用途。“好人”本身运用的希腊语词汇就不是单一的,而其译法也较多样,这些反映了亚氏对悲剧主角的特征不是作单一化的要求,而是有一定灵活性地突显某些“好”的品质。再结合亚氏的哲学观引入“自然”概念,认为“好人”须是能反映人的最佳属性——理性的对象。柏拉图也要求悲剧主角能反映其推崇的“理式”,但“理式”不同于“自然”,柏拉图与亚氏选择的反映方式也极为不同,这些差异反映在其二人对现实世界的态度上,也反映在其悲剧主角的理论上。柏拉图希望悲剧人物能够直接反映理式,无须过多地参考现实人物,仅以理念的“好”作为人物的塑造标准。亚氏则将现实作为通往“自然”的必经之路,其悲剧主角以理性为主要表现对象,但表现方式是“寓一致于不一致中”,即人物性格是多侧面的。二人区别的关键即能否接受人物存在“矛盾”,身份与性格不符,或性格前后不-致。柏拉图不允许矛盾存在,其理想的悲剧人物更类型化。而允许并提倡表现人物多样性的亚氏,其人物观与后世的典型人物有着许多相通之处：均辩证地看待人物,要求人物反映具有概括性的现实的本质情况。亚氏的悲剧人物理论,具有时代的限制性,反映的仅是亚氏所在那个时代的哲学、文学观念,还未重视环境等外在因素对人物的影响。但其悲剧主角理论也反映出一些超时代的、预见性的认识,有典型人物在文学史上的蓬勃发展、典型理论的研究在文学史的另一头,与其遥相呼应。
[Abstract]:This article from the tragic hero "good", the meaning of the original text, (in English) combing, summed up the Poetics of "good" in < > several translation methods: good appearance, noble identity, moral beauty and good use. "Good" itself by Greek words is not single. But its translation is more diverse, which reflects the characteristics of Aristotle's tragic hero is not for a single request, but have some flexibility to highlight some of the good quality.
Combined with Aristotle's philosophy into the concept of "nature", the "a good person" is the best attribute can reflect human's rational object. Platon also called the tragic hero can reflect its respected "management style", but "management style" is different from "nature", Platon and Aristotle choose to reflect the way is also very different, these differences are reflected in the attitude about the real world, is also reflected in the tragic hero theory.
Platon hopes the tragic characters can directly reflect the physical type, without too much reference to real people, only to the concept of "good" as the standard for cultivation of characters. Aristotle is reality as "natural", the only way which must be passed to the tragic hero with rationality as the main performance targets, but the expression is "put in consistent inconsistent" characters is multi-dimensional.
The key difference between the two people that can accept characters in "contradiction" identity and character, character or not. - before and after Platon did not allow the contradiction, the ideal type of more tragic characters. Aristotle allows and advocate the performance figures diversity, the concept of the character of typical characters and the later plays many similarities: both the dialectical view of the character, the figures reflect the general requirements of the nature of reality.
Aristotle's tragic theory, has restricted the times, just reflect the Aristotle of that era philosophy, literary concept, has not attached great importance to environmental influence on the characters in external factors. But the theory of tragic hero also reflects some time, predictable, typical characters in the vigorous development of the history of literature, the typical theoretical research in the literary history on the other side of its echoes.

【学位授予单位】：湖北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I109

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