论《浮士德》中的主仆关系

发布时间：2018-01-17 02:03

本文关键词：论《浮士德》中的主仆关系　出处：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：歌德的《浮士德》中对主仆关系描写不同于以往的文学作品中的刻画，在这部诗剧中，作者主要描绘了三对主仆：天主与梅非斯特，二者是因赌注联系在一起的；天主与浮士德，二者的关系基于人类对天主的信仰；浮士德与梅非斯特，双方在契约的约束下得以结成主仆。主仆关系本是人类等级社会的产物，放置于人神魔共生的《浮士德》中，呈现出不同的特点。宇宙始创者的天主是主宰世界的大神，是万物之主，无论浮士德还是魔鬼都要臣服在他的统治之下；作为反叛上帝而坠落入地狱的梅非斯特，骨子里的邪恶叛逆精神支撑着自身与天主达成一种制约下的相互认同；浮士德虽是天主的创造物，却具备了主观能动性，在敬奉天主的同时开掘着属于自己的价值；作为叛逆者的梅非斯特与作为天主杰作的浮士德之间，也存在着冲突而相对平衡的制约关系。一份契约，一个赌注，将人神魔三界连结；主仆约定，将三个人物的责任明确。这种有别于存在等级约制的主仆关系，体现出特定的文化价值。表现为主仆双方冲突中自我价值的如何实现，，“契约”规定下自由的如何张扬，宗教观念里道德的如何指引，具体以主仆制约下人物活动的多样性加以表现。主仆共生的文化价值就体现在这一系列价值的实现过程。这一系列的主仆关系还体现出深层的审美意义，即主仆双方性格中存在辩证统一关系，实现了主仆关系中的制约与平衡；人物设置具有狂欢化色彩，实现了对自由的赞美、对自我意识觉醒的认同；主仆间的善恶对比又映照出人生意义里悲喜共存的复杂景观。《浮士德》的博大深厚之处就体现在这错综的关系之中，展现出人类文化与价值的凝结。作为人类代表的浮士德博士的双重身份，沉沦与追寻，都是在与他者的关系中建立起来的。特殊的主仆关系成就了这一充满血肉的人，充盈了《浮士德》这部世俗的经典。
[Abstract]:Goethe's "Faust" describes the relationship between master and servant is different from previous literary works. In this poem play, the author mainly describes three pairs of masters and servants: God and Mefeist. The two are linked by bets; The relationship between God and Faust is based on man's faith in God; Faust and Mefester were bound by the contract to form master and servant. The relationship between master and servant is the product of human hierarchy society, placed in the symbiosis of human gods and demons, showing different characteristics. The God of the creator of the universe is the God who dominates the world and the Lord of all things. Both Faust and the devil will be subject to his rule; As a rebel against God and fell into hell of Mayfest, the evil rebellious spirit in the bones of the support of their own and God to reach a kind of restraint under the mutual identity; Although Faustus is the creation of God, but has the subjective initiative, in the worship of God at the same time excavating their own value; There is also a conflict and relative balance between Mefeist, the rebel, and Faust, the masterpiece of God. The master and servant agree to define the responsibilities of the three characters. This relationship, which is different from the existence of hierarchy constraints, embodies a specific cultural value. It is manifested as how to realize the self-value in the conflict between the master and the servant. "contract" under the provisions of the freedom of how to promote, religious concept of how to guide the moral. The cultural value of the symbiosis of the master and the servant is reflected in the realization process of this series of values. The relationship between the master and the servant also reflects the deep aesthetic significance. In other words, there is a dialectical and unified relationship between master and servant, which realizes the restriction and balance in the relationship between master and servant. The character setting has the carnival color, has realized to the freedom praise, to the self-consciousness awakening approval; The contrast of good and evil between masters and servants reflects the complex landscape of the coexistence of joys and sorrows in the meaning of life. The great and profound aspects of Faustus are embodied in this intricate relationship, showing the condensation of human culture and value. As a representative of human beings, Dr. Faust's dual identity, sink and pursuit. It was built in a relationship with the other. The special relationship between master and servant made this flesh and blood man full of Faust, the worldly canon.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I516.074

【参考文献】