惠特曼笔下的“海”

发布时间：2018-02-12 08:48

本文关键词： 惠特曼自然之海爱情之海人生旅程之海神秘之海　出处：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：沃尔特·惠特曼是一位钟情于写“海”并且善于写“海”的作家，在他的笔下，“海”拥有四种形式——自然之海、爱情之海、人生旅程之海和神秘之海。 “自然之海”是指惠特曼从一个普通游客的视角来审视和描绘“海”的辽阔、苍茫、宁静、起伏等自然性特征。但惠特曼毕竟还是一个诗人，因此他自觉或者不自觉地比普通游客在海的自然性特征中融入丰富的生态伦理价值，以期唤醒读者的海洋生态意识。 “爱情之海”是指惠特曼借海来隐喻爱情。在他的笔下，海象征着异性之间羞涩的爱慕之情以及诸多的性意象。更令人惊奇的是，，他笔下的海还代表着同性之爱，而这种爱情从一个侧面体现出诗人的民主思想。 “人生旅程之海”是指惠特曼把人生视为航程，一方面他把林肯比作“舵手”，驾驶着美国这艘“巨轮”开始新的征程；另一方面，由于他自身就有丰富的海上旅程经历，所以他赋予了海上的人生旅程丰富的生命哲学——在宇宙总体中生命没有终结，因为死是生的继承，生死来回循环。 “神秘之海”一方面指大海中蕴含着神圣的死亡气息，大海中的“死亡”使人强烈地感受到诗人的主观情绪和精神倾向。在诗人眼中，死亡好比一种睡眠状态。另一方面指大海蒙上了泛神论的色彩，具有灵魂的放射作用。诗人带着他的灵魂在海上追寻，试图和他的灵魂一起卷入神秘的海中去探寻“海”的神秘。通过对“海”的四个方面的描述，惠特曼生动地描绘了一幅丰富多彩的大海画卷，将“海”从自然、爱情、人生旅程提升到神秘的高度，从而成为美国文学史上一位独特的海洋诗人。
[Abstract]:Walter Whitman is a writer who loves the Sea and is good at it. In his writings, the Sea has four forms: the Sea of Nature, the Sea of Love, the Sea of Life and the Sea of Mysteries. "the Sea of Nature" refers to Whitman's view and description of the vast, boundless, tranquil, undulating nature of the Sea from the perspective of an ordinary tourist. But Whitman is still a poet. Therefore he consciously or unconsciously than ordinary tourists in the natural characteristics of the sea into the rich ecological ethical value in order to wake up the readers of the marine ecological consciousness. "Sea of Love" refers to Whitman's metaphor for love through the sea. In his works, the sea symbolizes the shy love and many sexual images of the opposite sex. What's more, the sea in his works also represents the love of the same sex. And this kind of love embodies the poet's democratic thought from one side. "the Sea of Life's Journey" refers to Whitman's view of life as a voyage. On the one hand, he likens Lincoln to a "helmsman", driving the American "great ship" into a new journey; on the other hand, because of his own rich sea journey, So he gave the journey of life at sea a rich philosophy of life-life in the universe as a whole is not over, because death is the inheritance of life, life and death cycle back and forth. On the one hand, "Sea of Mystery" means that the sea contains the sacred breath of death, and the "death" in the sea makes people feel the poet's subjective emotion and spiritual tendency strongly. In the poet's eyes, Death is like a state of sleep. On the other hand, the sea is overshadowed by pantheism and radiates the soul. The poet carries his soul in search of the sea. Try to get involved in the mysterious sea with his soul to explore the mystery of the sea. By describing four aspects of the Sea, Whitman vividly depicts a colorful picture of the sea, lifting it from nature, love, and life to a mysterious height. Thus became a unique marine poet in the history of American literature.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.072

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