叶芝诗歌的生态解读

发布时间：2018-02-12 19:41

本文关键词： 叶芝生态批评自然生态社会生态精神生态　出处：《华北电力大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：威廉·巴特勒·叶芝是十九世纪末二十世纪初伟大的爱尔兰诗人,他的一生创作丰富并以其诗歌著称,获得了诺贝尔文学奖。叶芝的创作经历了浪漫主义,象征主义,现代主义,几经变革形成了自己的独特风格。文学评论家主要从象征主义,面具理论,创作风格及主题等方面对叶芝作品进行研究,用生态批评解析叶芝诗歌为叶芝研究提供了一种新的研究方法。本篇论文从自然生态、社会生态和精神生态三个方面分析叶芝诗歌,探索叶芝全面的生态思想,从而得出叶芝诗歌的文学价值意义和实践价值意义。生态批评是新兴的一种文学批评方法,近几年西方生态批评学者开始着重研究生态整体论和深层生态学,一些中国学者也对生态文艺学及生态批评进行了进一步的研究与探讨。其中鲁枢元教授以三分法把生态学分为自然生态、社会生态和精神生态,分别从自然、社会和精神三个层而对生态元素进行研究,全面整体地对生态学进行了阐俐述本文主体主要由四方面构成。第一部分首先分析叶芝诗作中的自然生态元素,主要选取《到曙光里来》和《茵纳斯弗利岛》等诗歌,对其诗歌中几种意象进行分析,如植物、动物、景致等,表现出诗人对自然的憧憬与热爱,最后得出叶芝对自然的无限眷恋及回归自然的美好愿望。第二部分从社会生态层面分析叶芝的诗歌,主要对其在爱尔兰变革时期所创作的作品进行解析,其中选取了《一九一三年九月》和《一九一六年复活节》,反映当时爱尔兰社会的动荡及资产阶级的疯狂贪欲并阐述了叶芝对爱国主义者的态度,从而得出叶芝对生态社会的向往。第三部分选取了叶芝的著名诗歌《当你老了》和《驶向拜占庭》,分别分析了叶芝对真爱的理解及对艺术、生命永恒的追求,这些都反映了叶芝关于“精神至上”的神圣理念,并从中探索叶芝诗歌中精神生态的思想。第四部分结合自然生态、社会生态和精神生态三个方面综合分析《被偷走的孩子》一诗,从而得出叶芝诗歌中整体的生态思想。用生态理论分析叶芝诗歌是值得研究的一个课题,此课题不仅具有文学价值,更具有实践指导意义。这不但对叶芝诗歌的分析选取了一个新的角度,更加警示现代人在自然、社会和精神三个层而构建生态思想,共创生态地球。
[Abstract]:William Batler Yeats was a great Irish poet in late 19th century and early 20th century. His life was rich and famous for his poems, and he won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Yeats' creation experienced romanticism, symbolism. Modernism has changed several times to form its own unique style. Literary critics have mainly studied Yeats's works from the aspects of symbolism, mask theory, creative style and theme, etc. Analyzing Yeats poetry with ecological criticism provides a new research method for Yeats study. This paper analyzes Yeats poetry from three aspects: natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology, and explores Yeats's comprehensive ecological thought. Thus, the literary value and practical value of Yeats's poetry are obtained. Ecological criticism is a new method of literary criticism. In recent years, Western ecological critics have begun to focus on ecological holism and deep ecology. Some Chinese scholars have also made further research and discussion on ecological literature and art and ecological criticism. Among them, Professor Lu Shuyuan divided ecology into natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology, respectively. The ecological elements are studied in the three levels of society and spirit, and ecology is expounded in an all-round way. The main body of this paper is composed of four aspects. The first part analyzes the natural ecological elements in Yeats's poems, mainly selects the poems such as "to the dawn" and "Innersbury Island", and analyzes several kinds of images in his poems, such as plants, and so on. Animals, scenery and so on, show poets' longing and love for nature. Finally, Yeats's infinite attachment to nature and his good desire to return to nature are drawn. The second part analyzes Yeats's poems from the social and ecological aspects. It mainly analyzes his works during the period of Irish change. "September 1913" and "Easter 1916" were selected to reflect the turmoil in Irish society and the crazy greed of the bourgeoisie and to expound Yeats's attitude towards the patriots. The third part selects Yeats's famous poem "when you're older" and "sail to Byzantium" to analyze Yeats's understanding of true love and his pursuit of art and eternal life, respectively. All this reflects Yeats's sacred idea of "spiritual supremacy" and explores the spiritual ecology in Yeats's poetry. 4th part combines with natural ecology. The social ecology and spiritual ecology are analyzed comprehensively in a poem of stolen Children, and the whole ecological thought in Yeats's poetry is obtained. The analysis of Yeats poetry by ecological theory is a subject worth studying, which is not only of literary value, but also of practical significance. This not only selects a new angle for the analysis of Yeats poetry, but also cautions modern people in nature. Social and spiritual three levels to construct ecological thought, create ecological earth.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I562.072

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