试论《群魔》的双重主题

发布时间：2018-02-28 23:10

本文关键词： 《群魔》《大罪人传》西欧派虚无主义绝对自由　出处：《西北民族大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文通过对陀思妥耶夫斯基的长篇小说《群魔》曲折复杂的创作过程的仔细梳理,以及对该小说的题材来源和思想渊源的综合考察,指出了《群魔》结构和主题的“复调性”,并在此基础上对该小说的双重主题分别进行了深入地分析和探索。《群魔》的题材来源有两个,一是1869年11月27日莫斯科发生的震惊俄国乃至欧洲的“涅恰耶夫案件”；二是在涅恰耶夫案件发生的近一年前陀思妥耶夫斯基就已经在头脑里开始构思的长篇小说《无神论》。后来《无神论》的构思被作者修改成了《大罪人传》,在《群魔》的创作过程中,作者把他有关《大罪人传》的构思植入进了这部小说中。由于《大罪人传》的植入,陀氏原计划中《群魔》的第一主人公和第二主人公的角色发生了对换,从而使小说的结构和主题均产生了“复调性”,小说的结构线索由一条变成了一明一暗的两条。“明线”是以彼得·韦尔霍文斯基的活动即对“涅恰耶夫案件”在小说中的摹写来贯穿,“暗线”则是以探究和揭示“神秘人物”尼古拉·斯塔夫罗金的精神和心历路程来进行层层铺垫。与此相对应,小说的主题也由一重变成了两重。显在的主题是对现实中的俄国19世纪60年代的虚无主义及其“直系血亲”西欧派的自由主义和理想主义的尖锐批判,隐含的主题则是揭示一个失去了基督教信仰的人,如何由于自己强大的个性力量以及对自由的超出边界的无尽渴望而走向了毁灭。
[Abstract]:In this paper, Dostoevsky's novel "Group Magic" is carefully combed through the complicated and tortuous creative process, as well as a comprehensive investigation of the source of the subject matter and the origin of the thought of the novel. This paper points out the "polyphony" of the structure and theme of "Group Magic", and analyzes and explores the dual themes of the novel. There are two sources of the subject matter in Group Magic. One is the "Nechayev case" which shocked Russia and even Europe in November 27th 1869 in Moscow, and the other is the novel that Dostoevsky began to conceive in his mind nearly a year before Nechayev's case. "Atheism". Later, the idea of "Atheism" was modified by the author to "Biography of the Great sinner," in the process of the creation of "Group Magic," The author implants his idea of the Biography of the Great sinner into the novel. As a result of the implantation of the Biography of the Great sinner, the characters of the first and second protagonists in Tuo's original plan, So that the structure and theme of the novel produced "polyphonic", the structure of the novel from one clue into a bright and dark two. The "bright line" is based on the activities of Peter Welkowski, the "Nechayev case" in the small. The description of the story runs through, and the "dark line" is laid down by exploring and revealing the spiritual and mental journey of Nicholas Stavrokin, the "mysterious person," which corresponds to this. The theme of the novel has also changed from one to two. The obvious theme is the sharp criticism of nihilism in Russia in 1860s and the liberalism and idealism of the "immediate kinship" of Western Europe. The implicit theme is to reveal how a man who has lost his Christian faith has gone to ruin because of his powerful personality and his boundless desire for freedom.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I512.074

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