《毛猿》中奥尼尔的生态意识解读

发布时间：2018-03-04 09:20

本文选题：奥尼尔　切入点：《毛猿》　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：尤金·奥尼尔（1888—1953）是美国戏剧史上最伟大的剧作家之一，曾四次获得普利策奖并在1936年获得诺贝尔文学奖。他的作品对当代世界戏剧发展产生了深远影响，不仅具有独特的风格，意境和艺术手法，而且还有深刻的生态和社会意义。《毛猿》创作于奥尼尔的早期，是他的代表作。当时正值一战结束，世界秩序被打碎，这一切导致了人们精神世界的混乱；美国也正由自由资本主义向垄断资本主义过渡，科技的进步，生产规模的不断扩张以及不合理的价值观和消费观打乱了生态系统，产生了一系列的生态问题。作为一个严肃的剧作家，奥尼尔将反映这些自然和社会问题为己任，并且他早期的海上经历以及中国道家思想的影响都使得他的剧作中充满了浓厚的生态主义思想。本论文从生态批评的视角分析了《毛猿》中所体现出的奥尼尔的生态意识。在这部剧中，奥尼尔对工业文明的产物—科学技术进行了批判，揭示了机器与人类之间奴役与被奴役的关系；否认了人类不合理的消费观—消费主义，它引导着当代人们的消费方式，导致了人类欲望的无限膨胀，自然资源的无节制的消耗以及生态环境的破坏。奥尼尔还对以环境污染，动物的虐待等为表现的人类中心主义价值观念进行了批判与反思。除此之外，奥尼尔还揭示了当今人类精神世界的困境：身份的丧失，急于寻求归属，体现出了他对精神生态的关注，这也构成他生态思想的一个重要方面。作者对《毛猿》中所揭示的问题进行了深入的思考，并据此来挖掘奥尼尔的生态意识。本文总共分为七部分第一章是引言，主要介绍了奥尼尔的生平及其艺术成就，，并探究了他生态意识的形成原因。第二章回顾了国内外有关《毛猿》的研究以及生态理论的发展，介绍了本篇论文中所涉及到的生态意识。第三章聚焦于奥尼尔对于科学技术以及工业文明的反思。在《毛猿》中，奥尼尔生动的向人们展示了所谓的工业文明给人类带来的一系列后果。第四章通过对消费主义的批判展示了奥尼尔的生态意识，作为一种不合理的消费观，消费主义有害于环境及人类自身。第五章讨论了《毛猿》中反映的人类中心主义，要想重新恢复生态系统的平衡，维护其它非人类生物的利益，人类必须放弃不合理的人类中心主义。第六章展示了奥尼尔对于人类精神世界的关注，对精神生态的关注也构成了奥尼尔生态意识的一个重要方面。最后一部分是结论，总结概括了本论文的主要研究内容。
[Abstract]:Eugene O'Neill is one of the greatest playwrights in the history of American drama. He won the Pulitzer Prize four times and won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936. His work has had a profound impact on the development of contemporary world drama, not only in its unique style. Artistic conception and artistic techniques, but also profound ecological and social significance. Created in the early days of Shaquille O'Neill, it was his masterpiece. It was at the end of World War I that the world order was broken, which led to the chaos of the spiritual world, and the transition from liberal capitalism to monopolistic capitalism in the United States. Advances in science and technology, the constant expansion of production and irrational values and consumption concepts have disrupted the ecosystem and created a series of ecological problems. As a serious playwright, O'Neill is responsible for reflecting these natural and social problems, and his early experiences at sea and the influence of Chinese Taoism have made his plays full of ecologicalism. This paper analyzes O'Neill 's ecological consciousness from the perspective of ecological criticism. In this play, O'Neill criticizes the product of industrial civilization-science and technology. It reveals the relationship between enslavement and enslavement between machine and human beings, denies the unreasonable consumption view of human beings-consumerism, which leads to the consumption mode of contemporary people, and leads to the infinite expansion of human desire. O'Neill also criticizes and reflects on the values of anthropocentrism manifested in environmental pollution, animal abuse, etc. In addition, O'Neill also criticizes and reflects on the values of anthropocentrism, such as environmental pollution, animal abuse, and so on. O'Neill has also revealed the plight of the human spiritual world today: the loss of identity, the eagerness to seek ownership, and his concern for spiritual ecology. This also constitutes an important aspect of his ecological thought. The author makes a deep reflection on the problems revealed in the "hairy ape" and explores O'Neill 's ecological consciousness accordingly. This paper is divided into seven parts. The first chapter is the introduction, mainly introduces O'Neill 's life and his artistic achievement, and probes into the formation reason of his ecological consciousness. The second chapter reviews the domestic and international research on the "hairy apes" and the development of ecological theory, and introduces the ecological consciousness involved in this paper. The third chapter focuses on O'Neill 's reflection on science and technology and industrial civilization. In "hairy Apes", O'Neill vividly shows a series of consequences of so-called industrial civilization to human beings. Chapter 4th shows O'Neill 's ecological consciousness by criticizing consumerism. As an unreasonable consumption view, consumerism is harmful to the environment and human beings. Chapter 5th discusses the anthropocentrism reflected in "hairy apes". In order to restore the balance of the ecosystem and safeguard the interests of other non-human beings, human beings must abandon the unreasonable anthropocentrism. Chapter 6th shows O'Neill 's concern for the human spiritual world, and the concern for spiritual ecology also constitutes an important aspect of O'Neill 's ecological consciousness. The last part is the conclusion, summarizes the main research content of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.073

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