从生态女性主义的角度解读《使女的故事》

发布时间：2018-03-07 18:33

本文选题：生态女性主义　切入点：女性困境　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：玛格丽特·阿特伍德(1939-)是最具盛名的加拿大作家之一，拥有“加拿大文学皇后”之称的她在许多方面都作出了极大贡献，所以不仅在加拿大而且在国际上都享有极高的声誉。阿特伍德创作了许多高质量的作品，其中以小说的成就最为突出。面对生态危机，她重新思考自然和人类的关系，尤其女性与男性的关系。阿特伍德的作品中充满了生态思想以及女性主义的思想，蕴含了丰富的生态女性意识。本文以生态女性主义文学批评为理论基础分析了《使女的故事》。生态女性主义由奥波尼首次提出，并认为生态女性主义是由女性主义和生态主义结合而成的。生态女性主义批判了人类优于自然、男性优于女性的父权制思想体系，强调了在男性的统治下，自然和女性的亲近感以及认同感。本论文描绘了基列共和国中占统治地位的男性—大主教们对女性—使女们的压迫。面对大主教们的暴力统治，使女们尤其是主人公奥芙弗雷德的女性意识开始觉醒，向男性发出大胆的挑战；大主教们对大自然残酷的掠夺，，促使自然对人类展开疯狂的报复；但是自然和女性在男性的统治下却保持着亲密关系，相互之间更加亲近，同时这部作品呼吁人们应该建立一种男性与自然、男性与女性和谐相处的新型关系。论文内容如下：第一章是导论。主要包括四个部分：首先介绍了选题背景。第二，关于作者玛格丽特·阿特伍德以及她的主要作品。第三，介绍了选题意义。第四，关于整篇论文的结构。第二章是文献回顾以及理论基础。主要包括两个部分：首先介绍了《使女的故事》相关研究的文献回顾，二是生态女性主义的理论基础，包括理论的相关内容以及玛格丽特·阿特伍德的生态女性意识的形成。第三章分析了基列共和国中占统治地位的男性与使女们的对立。主要分为两个部分：首先介绍了受害的使女们，二是使女们意识的觉醒，分为公开反抗的使女们和默默反抗的使女们。第四章分析了基列共和国中占统治地位的男性与自然的对立。这一章分为两个部分。第一部分关于自然的受害者地位，主要从男性对自然的统治以及高科技带给自然灾难两方面分析。第二部分关于自然的报复，带给人类生育危机、社会危机和精神危机。第五章分析了自然与女性的和谐关系。分为两个部分。第一部分是自然与使女们的亲密关系。第二部分主要介绍了自然与女性作为男权社会的他者的地位以及原因。最后是结论部分，将全文进行了概括和总结，并指出了作者的期望。阿特伍德描绘了一个男性残暴压迫自然和女性的未来世界，以此来提醒人类应该珍爱自然、尊重女性，建立一个和谐社会。
[Abstract]:Margaret Atwood is one of the most famous Canadian writers, and she has made great contributions in many ways, called "the Queen of Canadian Literature." So Atwood has a very high reputation not only in Canada but also internationally. Atwood has produced many high-quality works, most notably novels. In the face of the ecological crisis, she rethought the relationship between nature and human beings. In particular, the relationship between women and men. Atwood's works are full of ecological thoughts and feminist thoughts, and contain rich ecological female consciousness. Based on the theory of Eco-Feminist Literary criticism, this paper analyzes the story of maids. Eco-feminism was first put forward by Oboni. Ecological feminism is formed by the combination of feminism and ecologicalism. Ecological feminism criticizes the patriarchal system in which man is superior to nature and men over women, and emphasizes the patriarchy under the rule of men. Natural and female affinity and identity. This paper depicts the oppression of the dominant males-archbishops on females-women in the Gilead Republic. Faced with the violent rule of archbishops, The female consciousness of the heroine, especially Offord, began to awaken, and the archbishops challenged men boldly, and the cruel plunder of nature by the archbishops prompted the nature to launch a frenzied revenge on human beings. But nature and women remain close and closer to each other under male rule, and the novel calls for a new relationship between men and nature, men and women. The contents of the thesis are as follows:. The first chapter is an introduction. It consists of four parts: first, it introduces the background of the topic. Secondly, about the author Margaret Atwood and her main works. Thirdly, it introduces the significance of the topic. 4th, about the structure of the whole paper. The second chapter is literature review and theoretical basis. It mainly includes two parts: firstly, it introduces the literature review of the study of "the Story of the maid", and second, it introduces the theoretical basis of eco-feminism. Including the theory and the formation of Margaret Atwood's ecological feminine consciousness. The third chapter analyzes the opposition between the dominant male and female in the Gilead Republic. It is mainly divided into two parts: first, the introduction of the victimized female, second, the awakening of the female consciousness. Divided into public resistance of the female and silent resistance of the female servants. Chapter 4th analyzes the opposition between dominant men and nature in the Gilead. This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the victim status of nature. The second part is about the revenge of nature, the crisis of human fertility, the crisis of society and the crisis of spirit. Chapter 5th analyzes the harmonious relationship between nature and women. It is divided into two parts. The first part is the intimate relationship between nature and maids. The second part mainly introduces the status and reasons of nature and women as other persons in patriarchal society. The last part is the conclusion, which summarizes and summarizes the full text and points out the author's expectation. Atwood depicts a future world in which men brutally oppress nature and women, as a reminder that human beings should cherish nature and respect women. Build a harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I711.074

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