《黑暗之心》的生态伦理解读

发布时间：2018-03-14 13:25

本文选题：生态伦理　切入点：人与自然的失衡　出处：《浙江财经学院》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：约瑟夫·康拉德的代表作之一《黑暗之心》一经问世,就已经受到广泛关注与研究。至今已有人从多个角度对该作品做出研究成果。本文将从生态伦理的角度来研究该作品,研究作品中作为殖民地的非洲由于白人的到来而产生的一系列环境问题以及社会问题,旨在为当代的社会环境问题的产生以及解决方法提供借鉴意义。本文除了前言和结论,共分为四大部分。第一部分详细阐释著名的生态伦理思想,包括保罗W.泰勒的尊重自然思想以及阿尔多·李奥帕德的大地伦理思想,并以此作为基础,提出何为生态伦理。第二部分运用生态伦理的基本思想深入探讨《黑暗之心》这部作品。在具体分析自然的价值的基础上探讨作品中的人与自然关系的失衡,特别是欧洲白人殖民者与非洲当地荒野之间关系的失衡,具体从以下三个方面进行讨论:白人行为对丛林中的植物、动物以及土地的影响。第三部分探讨白人在非洲社会中的人际关系。主要从两个方面进行研究,一方面是白人殖民者对当地土著的优越感,另一方面是白人殖民者之间的冷漠。白人殖民者的到来不仅仅为当地带来了众多的环境问题,并且导致了当地社会人际关系的危机。白人把当地土著人仅仅看成是实现自己目标的工具,同时他们又冷漠地对待自己的白人同胞。第四部分试图揭示人类与自然关系的紧张以及人与人之间关系的冷漠产生的原因。本部分主要从以下三个方面进行探讨和研究:其一,欧洲的社会环境的发展促进了科技的发展,使白人殖民者从欧洲到非洲的航海成为可能,而且经济的发展也促使更多的白人愿意去非洲成为殖民者,或是为了在当地野蛮的土著中间传播欧洲文明,或是为了获取象牙利益;其二,深藏于欧洲文明发展之初的人类中心主义思想一直贯穿于整个欧洲的发展,并且逐渐发展为欧洲中心主义,使欧洲人民产生了无比的种族优越感,不仅认为自己是自然的统治者,还认为其他的一切种族都是劣势种族;其三,欧洲白人殖民者对自然的态度也对人与人之间的关系产生了重大的影响。最后,本文得出结论:欧洲白人受人类中心主义思想的影响,因此在殖民地刚果引发了一系列的危机。人与自然的关系以及人与人的关系产生了很多问题,如自然生态的失衡和社会道德危机。随着科技的发展,现代社会中越来越多的人为满足自己而去攫取自然资源。而且,在这个物质充斥的时代,人们强调更多的是金钱和物质。正如黑暗之心中的白人,人们所做的一切都是为了更多的金钱。渐渐人与人之间的关系变得冷漠。总之,现在人类也面临着当时刚果面临的危机。既然仅仅依靠日益发达的科学技术并不能从根本上解决环境问题,本文在此提出设想,如果人类不仅仅诉诸技术的进步来解决那些问题,而是注重转变人类中心主义思想去处理问题,对于解决环境以及社会问题可能会产生更好的效果。
[Abstract]:One of Joseph Conrad's masterpiece "heart of darkness" was developed, it has been widespread concern and research. So far, people from many angles of the works to make research results. In this paper, from the perspective of ecological ethics to study the works, a series of environmental problems as African colonial research works due to the arrival of white people and social problems, so as to provide reference for the production of contemporary social and environmental problems and solutions.
Besides preface and conclusion, is divided into four parts. The first part explains the famous ecological ethics, respect the natural thought including Paul W. Taylor and Aldo Leopold's land ethics, and as a basis, proposed what is ecological ethics. The second part uses the basic idea of ecological ethics of "heart of darkness" the Ministry of works. To investigate the imbalance in the work of the relationship between man and nature on the basis of detailed analysis on the value of nature, especially the imbalance between the white Europeans and the African wilderness, specifically from the following three aspects to discuss: the behavior of white jungle plants, animal and land. The third part studies white relationships in the African society. Mainly from two aspects, one is the superiority of the white settlers of the natives, on the other hand Is the indifference between the white settlers. White settlers not only for local brought many environmental problems, and led to the interpersonal relationship of local social crisis. The white natives as just to achieve its goal of tools, at the same time they coldly to their white counterparts. The fourth part tries to reveal the indifference the relationship between the causes of tension between man and nature, man and man. This part mainly discusses and studies from the following three aspects: first, the development of European social environment to promote the development of science and technology, the white settlers from Europe to Africa a possible, and economic development also urges more white want to go to Africa to become colonists, or to be in the middle of the local indigenous wild spread of European civilization, or in order to obtain Ivory interests; second, deep in Europe The development of civilization development at the beginning of the anthropocentrism runs through the whole of Europe, and gradually developed into the European Central Bank, the people of Europe to produce tremendous racial superiority, not only that he is the natural ruler, that all the other races are inferior race; third, the European white settlers attitude to nature has a significant impact on the relationship between man and man.
Finally, this paper draws a conclusion: white European influenced by humanism, so in the colony of Congo has caused a series of crisis. The relationship between man and nature and the relationship between people and people have a lot of problems, such as the imbalance of nature and social moral crisis. With the development of science and technology, more and more people to meet modern in the society itself to grab natural resources. But, in modern society, people is that the more money and material. As the whites in heart of darkness, all the people are trying to do is more money. The relationship between people and people gradually become indifferent. In short, now human faces at the time of the Congo crisis. Since only rely on science and technology increasingly developed and cannot fundamentally solve the environmental problems, the thesis concludes that if people resort to technological progress To solve the problems, but to change the anthropocentrism to deal with the problems, and to solve the environmental and social problems may have a better effect.

【学位授予单位】：浙江财经学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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