通过毛姆作品《月亮与六便士》《刀锋》分析现代伦理问题

发布时间：2018-03-21 12:33

本文选题：毛姆　切入点：《月亮与六便士》　出处：《上海外国语大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：毛姆是20世纪英国知名小说家，剧作家，散文家。代表作有长篇小说《人性的枷锁》《月亮与六便士》和《刀锋》。其中后两部作品是本文重点研究的文本。本论文主要结合伦理学研究两部小说中人物的不同性格及其成因，探讨如何解决现代工业社会中的伦理问题，具体为平衡物质享受与精神追求，正确认识善与恶，正与邪。本文有三个主体章节。第一章分析《月亮与六便士》主人公听从内心召唤，离家出走，成为画坛一代大师的过程中所面临的内心抉择与外界干预。个人的人生观在形成过程中很大程度上会受到社会的影响，，因此同一社会中的成员的观念趋向一致。对于特立独行的异己观念，社会本能的反应是排斥、打压、同化。一些人的独特观点在这种过程中消亡，而少部分意志坚定，不畏世俗，勇于追求的人坚守信念，与传统抗争。他们的行为或多或少，或好或坏都影响着社会的稳定状态，个人也会因占据社会道德制高点的舆论而饱受折磨。第二章分析《刀锋》主人公拉里探寻世上善恶美丑的精神之旅。在经历了血肉横飞，至亲分离的第一次世界大战和一夜落魄，财富成灰的股市崩盘和大萧条时期，个人对传统社会灌输的世界观发生质疑。现实中，战争不是勇气、责任和民族情怀的正义化身，而是杀人如麻的政治利益帮凶；财富和事业不是无所不能的灵丹妙药，只是摇摇欲坠的海市蜃楼。主人公拉里在战争伤痛之后，立足现实，在知识中探求善恶真理，在劳动中探求灵肉平衡，在宗教中探求人生寄托，重塑宁静致远、积极乐观的世界观。第三章分析两部作品所体现的共有的伦理问题。在两部小说中，主人公都面临着爱情与婚姻，精神祥和与物质欲望的矛盾，个人的社会观受到社会风尚的冲击。工业社会的新兴价值观崭露头角，而传统价值观余晖未尽，爱情、婚姻、精神、物质夹在其间，失去本真。真爱受人嘲弄，阻力重重，不得善终；婚姻成为交易，只有冷冰冰的责任或假惺惺的温情，没有家庭赖以建立的真正亲情。精神追求不被理解，众人弃之如敝屣；物质欲望被无限放大，物质成功是社会的唯一典范，物质成为生理享受和精神优越感的唯一基础。本文着重结合伦理学的观点分析现代社会中个人面临的伦理冲突和精神缺憾，从中寻找回归精神家园的道路。伦理学是对社会中的道德行为进行描述、分析、预测、指导的学科。伦理学的研究对象是道德，但是道德在不同时代背景下有不同定义，甚至互相矛盾，互相否定。在同一时代，一些道德规范也会束缚着具有前瞻眼光的人；而新时代催生的道德新标准有时也会抛弃旧时代的一些美好思想。借助伦理学，本论文可以对社会中的伦理冲突进行理性的对比分析，以更宽容的精神看待这些矛盾，以更全面的眼光提出应对精神危机的良方。
[Abstract]:In 20th century, Maugham was a famous British novelist and playwright. Essayist. The masterpiece of the novel "the yoke of humanity" "moon and sixpence" and "blade of the blade". The latter two works are the texts of this thesis. This thesis mainly studies the characters of the two novels in combination with ethics. The same character and its causes, This paper discusses how to solve the ethical problems in modern industrial society, specifically for balancing material enjoyment and spiritual pursuit, correctly understanding good and evil, and good and evil. There are three main chapters in this paper. The first chapter analyzes "Moon and Sixpence" the protagonist obeys the inner call, runs away from home, The inner choice and outside interference in the process of becoming the master of the painting world. The personal outlook on life will be greatly influenced by the society in the process of forming. So the idea of the members of the same society tends to be the same. The social instinct is to reject, suppress and assimilate the idea of a maverick dissident. Some people's unique ideas die out in the process, and a few are determined. Those who do not fear the worldly, dare to pursue stick to their beliefs and fight against tradition. Their actions affect the stability of society more or less, whether good or bad, and the individual suffers from the public opinion that occupies the commanding height of social morality. Chapter two analyzes Larry, the hero of the Blades, on his spiritual journey to explore the good, the evil, the ugliness and the ugliness of the world. During the period of the first World War and the night of separation, the crash of the stock market and the Great Depression, In reality, war is not a just incarnation of courage, responsibility and national feelings, but an accomplice to murderous political interests; wealth and cause are not a panacea for everything. It's just a mirage. Larry, after the wounds of war, is based on reality, seeking truth of good and evil in knowledge, balance of spirit and flesh in labor, sustenance of life in religion, and restoration of serenity. A positive and optimistic worldview. The third chapter analyzes the common ethical problems embodied in the two novels. In the two novels, the protagonists are confronted with the contradiction between love and marriage, between spiritual peace and material desire. The social outlook of the individual is impacted by the social fashion. The emerging values of the industrial society are emerging, while the traditional values remain unfinished, with love, marriage, spirit, and material intertwined in the process, losing the truth. True love is ridiculed, and there is a lot of resistance. No good end; marriage becomes a transaction, only cold duty or false kindness, no real family relationship on which the family is founded. Spiritual pursuits are not understood, and people are cast aside as old shoes; material desires are magnified indefinitely. Material success is the only model of society, material as the only basis for physiological enjoyment and spiritual superiority. This paper focuses on analyzing the ethical conflicts and spiritual imperfections faced by individuals in modern society from the point of view of ethics, in order to find a way to return to the spiritual homeland. Ethics is to describe, analyze and predict the moral behavior in the society. The research object of ethics is morality, but morality has different definitions, even contradicts and negates each other under the background of different times. In the same era, some moral norms will also bind people with foresight; And the new moral standards of the new era sometimes abandon some of the good ideas of the old era. With the help of ethics, this paper can make a rational comparative analysis of the ethical conflicts in the society, and view these contradictions in a more tolerant spirit. A more comprehensive view of the response to the mental crisis.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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