《我是猫》的叙事学分析

发布时间：2018-03-25 19:58

本文选题：反讽叙事　切入点：叙事策略　出处：《苏州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文的研究以结构主义叙事学原理对小说《我是猫》的叙事策略，叙事结构以及反讽叙事等内容进行分析。在序论部分概括性论述了小说《我是猫》的艺术特点和主题思想，文学价值以及本论文的研究意义，先行研究等内容。《我是猫》的主题反映的是当时日本明治政府对社会进行了全面西化的政策，在这种“文明开化”的社会背景下，人性受到了异化和扭曲，夏目漱石借用反讽的叙事手法，对文中的金田一家虚伪贪婪的特点，借着猫的视角进行了充分的辛辣讽刺。《我是猫》一出版就受到社会的好评，有着这篇文章的自身原因，这篇作品是令人感到亲切的国民文学，可谓是家喻户晓。其中夏目漱石确实受到斯威夫特的影响，在文中有很多引人不禁发笑的地方，当然也离不开日本的传统文化对夏目漱石的影响，如单口相声和俳句。‘咱家嘛，名字没有’深化了夏目漱石笔下的这只猫的自由者地位，也就是无名性相当于自由性。斯威夫特的影响下，夏目漱石写下了讽喻小说《我是猫》，在文中，理应是一流的知识分子苦沙弥也好，情趣丰富的知识分子迷亭也好，不论是好学的新进科学研究员寒月也好，实业家金田也罢，还有作为实业家太太有品位的贵妇人金田夫人也好，比起那只叫“咱家”的猫来，都是滑稽可笑的，日本的大和魂、日本军人，一切都被叫“咱家”的猫拿来揶揄嘲笑，，没有人幸免于猫的嘲笑旋风。更加绝妙的是，猫也绝非是理想的动物，猫嘲笑人类的虚荣、虚伪、任性，自己却也偷吃年糕、偷袭乌鸦，最后喝啤酒喝得大醉，落得个掉入水缸的下场。和被他嘲笑的人一样愚笨。但也只有猫的死法最接近自然。人类不会像猫一样顺从自然，善于用面具遮盖了真正的自己，而且恣意撒谎，没有自知之明，《我是猫》正是嘲笑这样的人。因为无名性与人类之间存在距离，这样可以保持冷静批评论的精神。被称作“咱家”的猫与登场人物之间距离的这种保持使得读者很理想地获得了“咱家”对登场人物的辛辣的批评。这种“以大人的态度看待孩子的”这种态度被叫做“写生文”。从而达到作者隐身的叙事效果。第一二章的主要内容为作者夏目漱石的文学思想创作目的的以及对明治维新全盘西化的做法提出批评，并通过小说《我是猫》生动且委婉地阐述了作者的文明论思想。第三章的内容则是本论文的重点部分，主要论述夏目漱石如何运用小说叙事策略，艺术地表现了他的文明论思想。本论文分三个部分，（一）作者独创的叙事结构—间隔论；（二）运用热奈特的结构主义叙事学理论分析小说的叙事视角，虽然表面上是以第一人称猫的视角，但其实它是一种受限的第三人称视角。（三）小说《我是猫》的叙事语言具有诙谐幽默的特点，是一种反讽叙事。最后一章结论部分，对以上内容进行概括总结，并且对夏目漱石通过小说表达的文明论思想的现实意义进行阐释。
[Abstract]:This paper based on the principle of structuralism narratology novel "I am Cat" narrative strategy, narrative structure and narrative irony content analysis. In the introduction part discusses the novel "I am Cat > artistic characteristics and themes, literary value and the significance of the research, advance research etc..
I was the cat > theme reflects the Japanese Meiji government conducted a comprehensive Westernization on social policy, in the "civilized" social background, human nature is alienated and distorted, Natsume Soseki use Irony Narrative, characteristics of the Jin Tian a greedy with hypocrisy, cat from the perspective of full satire.
I was the cat > publication was praised by the society, this article has its own reasons, this piece is gracious national literature, is known to every family. Among them Natsume Soseki was influenced by Swift, there are a lot of people laugh somewhere in the text, but also cannot do without Japan the influence of traditional culture on Natsume Soseki, such as monologues and haiku. "Our name is not well," deepening the cat Natsume Soseki's liberal position, is equivalent to the free ring. Under the influence of Swift, Natsume stone wrote allegorical novels < I > in the cat. In this paper, it is first class intellectuals from novices or intellectuals, many booths taste rich or whether it is good to learn the new scientific researcher hanyue or industrialist Jintian worth mentioning, as well as a businessman tasteful lady Mrs. Jintian wife, than the call "zanjia" cat, is funny, Japan and soul, Japanese soldiers, all called "zanjia" cat brought ridicule ridicule, no one survived the cat at the whirlwind. More wonderful, the cat is also not ideal animal. The cat ridicule human vanity, hypocritical, self willed, but also eat rice cake, attack the crow, finally drink beer drunk, come to fall into the water tank in the end. As stupid and he mocks people. But death is only the most close to human nature. The cat does not like a cat like nature, with good mask the true self, and willful lie, without self-knowledge, I was laughing at the cat is > so. Because the distance between the unknown and human, so you can keep calm criticism spirit. Known as the "family" between the cat and the characters from From this makes it ideal to maintain access to the "family" of the characters of spicy criticism. This child to adult's attitude "this attitude is called" the sketch ". Thus the author stealth narrative effect.
The main contents of the first two chapters the author Natsume Soseki's literary thought and creation to the Meiji Westernization criticized the practice, and through the novel "my cat is vivid and gently > expounds the civilization theory. The third chapter is the key part of this paper, mainly discusses how Natsume Soseki uses the novel the narrative strategy, art shows his theory of civilization thought.
This paper is divided into three parts, (a), the original author of the narrative structure of interval theory; (two) structural narrative using Genette's narrative theory from the perspective of the analysis of the novel, although on the surface is the cat in the first person perspective, but in fact it is a limited third person perspective (three). The novel "I am Cat > narrative language has the characteristics of humor, is a kind of ironic narration. The last chapter is the conclusion part, the contents of the above summary, explains the realistic meaning and theory of Natsume Soseki novels through expression of civilization.

【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I313.074

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