残缺的爱，扭曲的心—霍妮式理论视角下的《最蓝的眼睛》中主要人物佩科拉、波琳、乔利性格的解读

发布时间：2018-03-29 08:12

本文选题：《最蓝的眼睛》　切入点：神经症人格　出处：《北京交通大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：《最蓝的眼睛》是当代美国著名的黑人女作家莫里森写的第一部小说,该小说讲述了一个关于黑人小女孩佩科拉和她病态家庭的故事。在这部小说中,莫里森用细致的笔触描写了一个近乎变态和扭曲的家庭：家中的小女孩儿佩科拉不仅在精神上得不到父母的关爱,经常遭到冷酷的爸爸和无情的妈妈的虐待,更为过分的是,她的亲生父亲在一次酗酒之后竟然强奸了她,可怜的佩科拉成了整个黑人群体的替罪羔羊。由此可见,莫里森笔下的这个家庭并不正常,其中的每一个成员都有着不同程度的精神疾病。借助于卡伦·霍妮的神经症人格理论,笔者试图窥探小说的主人公佩科拉,她的父亲乔利和母亲波琳的内心世界。霍妮认为社会文化环境和家庭成员之间的关系与一个人的心理健康状况密切相关。她强调,由于童年时期缺乏关爱使得儿童缺少安全感进而所形成的基本焦虑加上周边环境的影响,共同导致了神经症人格的形成。本文运用霍妮对三种不同神经官能症患者的定义和相关理论,通过细致的文本分析,发现了布雷德拉一家的病态人格,即：佩科拉属于顺从型人格,乔利属于攻击型人格,波琳属于退缩型人格,进而揭示出了为什么一个本应该正常的家庭变得支离破碎,一个本应该阳光可爱的女孩变得疯癫痴狂,为什么那个年代的黑人遭受着重重的精神折磨。霍妮式的心理分析给这篇小说提供了一种新颖的解读方式。本文共分为六章,第一部分是引言。第二章简要介绍了霍妮和她的神经官能症理论；第三章分析了佩科拉的屈从型人格以及其采取的极端行为来对抗内心的焦虑；第四章解释了乔利属于攻击型人格的原因,及其压抑了的屈从型人格的一面；第五章分析了波琳的童年和人生经历导致她的基本焦虑以及其采取的防御措施而导致的一系列的严重后果；第六章是结束语。作者通过分析小说主人公的病态人格而发掘出了掩藏在她们扭曲的心理和不正常的行为背后的深层原因,揭示出了她们悲剧命运的根源,也进一步讨论了美国黑人的内心冲突。另外,本文也强调了社会文化因素和父母亲的关爱在儿童正常人格形成过程中的关键性作用,以指导黑人和其他群体塑造健全的人格,打造友好和谐的家庭氛围。因此,本文不仅在解读莫里森的小说文本上探索了一种新的思路,更对于家庭中神经症人格的预防和缓解有着一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:The Bluest eyes is the first novel written by Morrison, a famous contemporary American black woman writer, who tells the story of a young black girl, Pecora, and her sick family. Morrison describes a nearly perverted and twisted family in fine detail: Pekola, a little girl in the family, is not only mentally unloved by her parents, often abused by cruel fathers and ruthless mothers, but even more so, Her biological father raped her after an alcoholism, and poor Pecora became a scapegoat for the entire black community. Each of these members has a different degree of mental illness. With the help of Karen Horney's theory of neurotic personality, the author tries to peep into the protagonist of the novel, Pecora. The inner world of her father, Jolly, and her mother, Pauline. Horney believes that the relationship between the sociocultural environment and family members is closely related to a person's mental health. As a result of the lack of care in childhood, children lack a sense of security, which in turn leads to basic anxiety and the impact of the surrounding environment, This paper uses Honey's definition of three different kinds of neurosis patients and relevant theories, through careful text analysis, finds out the family's psychopathic personality. That is: Pecora is a submissive personality, Jolie is an aggressive personality, Pauline is a withdrawal personality, which reveals why a family that should be normal has become fragmented. A girl who was supposed to be sunny and cute became crazy. Why did the black people of that age suffer so much mental suffering? The thesis is divided into six chapters, the first part is an introduction, the second chapter briefly introduces Honey and her theory of neurosis; The third chapter analyzes Pekola's subservient personality and the extreme behavior it takes to fight the inner anxiety, the fourth chapter explains the reason why Jolly belongs to aggressive personality, and the side of repressed subservient personality. The fifth chapter analyzes Polin's childhood and life experience which lead to her basic anxiety and a series of serious consequences caused by her defensive measures. Chapter six is the conclusion. By analyzing the pathological personality of the protagonists in the novel, the author uncovers the deep reasons behind their distorted psychology and abnormal behavior, and reveals the root of their tragic fate. In addition, this paper also emphasizes the key role of sociocultural factors and parental care in the formation of normal personality of children in order to guide black and other groups to shape healthy personality. Therefore, this paper not only explores a new way of thinking in interpreting Morrison's novel texts, but also has certain guiding significance for the prevention and remission of neurotic personality in the family.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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