小泉八云与灵的世界

发布时间：2018-04-01 07:51

本文选题：赫恩　切入点：灵　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：小泉八云（本名：拉夫卡迪奥赫恩，以下称为赫恩），被誉为是亲日外国人第一人、日本解释者，无论在西方还是在日本都家喻户晓。赫恩在西方长大，40岁的时候初到日本，娶了日本妻子小泉节子，又改名为小泉八云，而后他像地道的日本人一样在日本生活了长达十四年之久。他不同于其他作为旁观者的西方人，而是用深入日常生活的普通人的眼睛和敏锐的洞察力记录日本的风俗习惯和流淌于日本民族根源的神道。他一生创作了许多著作，致力于把远东之国日本介绍到西方世界。赫恩到日本后，马上就深入到日本的神道世界，对灵的世界产生了兴趣，并创作出大量有关于灵的世界的作品。这是因为他在来日本之前就已经对幽灵和妖怪等抱有兴趣了。5岁的时候开始和坚定的天主教信徒布来南叔祖母一起生活。也就是从那时起，他开始对灵的世界产生了兴趣。本论文，首先分为渡日前和渡日后两部分来简单介绍赫恩的生涯，使我们能对赫恩有一个系统的把握。赫恩一生漂泊，游历过许多国家，在异文化中的体验，尤其是各个国家所流传的关于灵神的东西想必一定会对他的文学创作产生影响。进而，再通过他晚年写的自传性质的散文《梦魇的感触》、《我的守护天使》、《哥特式的恐怖》来明确他从小时候开始就对切身感到的幽灵和妖怪等产生了关心。由此可以推测出幽灵或是魑魅魍魉对于赫恩来说是一种多么切身的存在。赫恩在来日本之前就对灵的世界积淀了兴趣。脱离西方世界，来到日本这个有灵神信仰的国家后，他立刻深入到日本灵的世界，非常喜欢日本独特的“和平的神界”。而且，赫恩无论在生活体验上，知识储备上，或者是敏锐的感受能力方面，都完全具备了一个非常优秀的文人资质。因此，他能充分发挥这项才能，先后创作出《灵的日本》（1899）、《明暗》（1900）、《骨董》（1902）、《怪谈》（1904）等与灵相关的作品。这其中完成度最高的、脍炙人口的要数《怪谈》，至今仍被广为流传。此外，战后，日本中学的国语教科书中所采用的赫恩的文章中有一大半是怪谈故事。在日本，提到赫恩就想起怪谈，提到怪谈就想起赫恩，仿佛怪谈就是赫恩的独门绝技一样。本论文在第三章，以《怪谈》为中心，，来分析赫恩所构筑的灵的世界。《怪谈》如字面所示是怪谈，是在古老的民间传说以及志怪传说等基础上，融入赫恩自身的成长经历和他对灵的世界的理解所在创作出来的怪谈故事。所以，日本灵的世界对赫恩有什么样的影响，赫恩又在灵的世界里寄托了什么，笔者想通过详细考察《怪谈》来一探究竟。并且笔者认为赫恩的主张在今时今日也所具其相应的价值，并打算明确其具体有何价值。最后，笔者打算在第四章考察赫恩借助于灵的世界所构筑出来的理想世界及其现实意义。
[Abstract]:Akira Koizumi (real name: Ralph Kadi Ohn, hereafter known as Hernton, known as the first pro-Japanese foreigner, Japanese interpreter, both in the West and Japan are household names.Growing up in the West at the age of 40, Hearn first came to Japan, married his wife, Koizumi, and renamed him Akumi Koizumi. He lived in Japan for 14 years like a real Japanese.Unlike other Westerners who are onlookers, he uses the eyes and keen insights of ordinary people who go deep into their daily lives to record Japanese customs and customs and the Shinto that flows through the roots of the Japanese nation.Throughout his life, he wrote many books devoted to introducing Japan, the far East, to the Western world.When he arrived in Japan, he immediately went deep into the Shinto world in Japan, became interested in the spiritual world, and created a lot of works about the spiritual world.This is because he was already interested in ghosts and monsters before he came to Japan. At the age of 5, he began living with a staunch Catholic believer, Uncle Grandma Brennan.It was then that he became interested in the spiritual world.This thesis is divided into two parts: before and after the crossing to briefly introduce Herne's career, so that we can have a systematic grasp of Herne.In his life, he wandered through many countries, and his experiences in different cultures, especially the spread of spiritual gods in various countries, must have an impact on his literary creation.Then, through his autobiographical prose "feeling of Nightmare", "my Guardian Angel", "Gothic Terror" in his later years, it is clear that he has been concerned about ghosts and monsters since he was a child.It can be inferred from this that ghosts or devils are an immediate existence for Herne.Before he came to Japan, Hearn had an interest in the spiritual world.After leaving the Western world and coming to Japan, a country with spiritual beliefs, he immediately penetrated into the Japanese spiritual world and loved Japan's unique "peaceful divine world."Moreover, in life experience, knowledge reserve, or keen sense ability, Herne has a very excellent literati aptitude.Therefore, he was able to bring this talent into full play, and successively created "Japan of the Spirit" 1899, "Light and Dark" 1900, "Bone Dong" 1902, "strange talk" 1904 and other works related to the spirit.Among them, the highest degree of completion, the most popular number of "strange talk", is still widely spread.Moreover, after the war, more than half of Hearn's articles used in Japanese high school Mandarin textbooks were anecdotal.In Japan, the mention of Hearn reminds of the strange talk, the mention of strange talk reminds of Hearn, as if strange talk is Herne's unique skill.In the third chapter, this paper analyzes the spiritual world constructed by Hern with "strange talk" as the center. It is on the basis of ancient folklore and legend.Into Herne's own growth experience and his understanding of the spiritual world in the creation of strange stories.So, what kind of influence does the Japanese spirit world have on Hearn, and what Hern has placed in the spiritual world? I want to find out through the detailed investigation of "strange talk".And the author thinks that Herne's proposition has its corresponding value today, and intends to clarify its specific value.Finally, in the fourth chapter, the author intends to investigate the ideal world constructed by Hern with the help of the spirit world and its practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I313.074

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