《动物庄园》的权力关系研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 06:32

本文选题：《动物庄园》　切入点：权力观　出处：《鲁东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文结合法国哲学家米歇尔福柯的权力理论从规训机制的监狱意象、话语机制中的真理与知识的游戏以及权力的主体转移对《动物庄园》进行解读。这不仅可以加深读者对该小说的理解，也在一定层面上反映当今复杂多变的世界政治格局。第一章为引言和文献综述。首先对奥威尔生平简要介绍，从而帮助我们了解他的小说写作背景。其次，论文概要地阐述了米歇尔福柯的权力理论以及运用权力理论进行文本分析的理论和实践意义。通过回顾先前国内外学者对奥威尔以及他的代表作的研究，本论文作者阐述为什么选取权力理论进行文本分析。第二章从福柯的规训机制的视角研究小说的权力体现。本章结合英国功利主义思想家边沁的圆形监狱意象，描绘了牛棚、风车和庄园几个意象，采用监狱机制解析小说中庄园主琼斯和拿破仑运用策略对动物的恶劣压榨勒索。通过建立自己的领导集团精心策划，采用封闭空间、层级监视、规范化裁决与检查隔离的手段监控，从外在监视到动物的自我监视，这一切都是权力规训的结果。权力陌生化、权力凝视、权力悲观到权力的顺从，使动物一步步落入拿破仑的陷阱，从而有力印证了福柯权力空间理论中权力是关系，是网络，权力是压抑的环境的化身及权力是流动的特征。第三章借助福柯权力理论中知识与话语的话语机制，解析权力与知识、真理游戏在小说《动物庄园》中的运用。语言是达到控制目的的手段。拿破仑假托“乌托邦动物庄园”之名建立“七诫”话语把动物们规训在他的权力之邦里，对动物们巧舌如簧的“教诲”，把话语变为真理这一切都离不开知识分子的角色。第四章通过对权力主体转移的分析，揭示出权力从人类转移到动物，又从动物到拿破仑的曲折之路。尽管经历了反抗、颠覆、重构几个步骤，但随着情节的发展，权力主体一步一步排除异己。由此，，万物平等的口号名存实亡，动物们由此从主体变为他者，从失声变为失语，最终被冠以“疯癫”的恶名。第五章为论文的结论部分。通过规训权力的实施，拿破仑把动物监禁在他的有形的空间监狱里。通过话语权力的实施，动物们被无形地控制在自己设置的思想枷锁里。最后拿破仑实现他的目标，以主体的身份统治整个庄园。福柯权力论为解析《动物庄园》提供一个新的视角。结合此理论作的文学解析加深了小说理解，具有更深刻的理论和启示意义。
[Abstract]:This paper interprets Animal Farm by combining the power theory of French philosopher Michel Foucault from the prison image of discipline mechanism, the game of truth and knowledge in discourse mechanism and the subject transfer of power.This can not only deepen the readers' understanding of the novel, but also reflect the complex and changeable world political pattern on a certain level.The first chapter is introduction and literature review.First of all, Orwell's life is briefly introduced to help us understand the background of his novel writing.Secondly, the paper briefly expounds Michel Foucault's power theory and the theoretical and practical significance of text analysis with power theory.By reviewing the previous researches on Orwell and his masterpieces, the author explains why the theory of power is chosen for text analysis.The second chapter studies the power embodiment of the novel from the perspective of Foucault's discipline mechanism.Combined with Bentham's circular prison image of British utilitarian thinker, this chapter depicts the images of cowshed, windmill and manor, and uses prison mechanism to analyze the villainous extortion and extortion of animals by means of the tactics of Johns Jones and Napoleon in the novel.Through the establishment of their own leadership careful planning, the use of closed space, hierarchical surveillance, standardized adjudication and quarantine of the means of monitoring, from external surveillance to self-surveillance of animals, all these are the result of power discipline.The strangeness of power, the gaze of power, the pessimism of power to the obedience of power make animals fall into Napoleon's trap step by step, which proves that power is the relation and network in Foucault's theory of power space.Power is the embodiment of oppressive environment and power is the characteristic of flow.The third chapter analyzes the application of power and knowledge in the novel Animal Farm with the help of the discourse mechanism of knowledge and discourse in Foucault's power theory.Language is the means to the end of control.Napoleon set up the Seven Commandments in the name of "Utopian Animal Farm" in the name of "Utopian Animal Farm", taught the animals in his power state, taught the animals with the right words, and turned the words into the truth, all of which could not be separated from the role of intellectuals.The fourth chapter reveals the tortuous road from human beings to animals and from animals to Napoleon through the analysis of the transfer of power.Despite several steps of resistance, subversion and reconstruction, as the plot develops, power subjects rule out dissent step by step.As a result, the slogan of equality of all things exists in name, and animals change from subject to other, from aphasia to aphasia, and finally to the name of "madness".The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the paper.Through the exercise of discipline, Napoleon imprisoned animals in his visible space prison.Through the exercise of discourse power, animals are intangibly controlled in the chains of thought they have set.At last Napoleon achieved his goal and ruled the estate as a subject.Foucault's theory of power provides a new perspective for the analysis of Animal Farm.The literary analysis combined with this theory deepens the understanding of the novel and has more profound theoretical and enlightening significance.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

【参考文献】