论拉斯普京创作中的生态意识

发布时间：2018-04-04 10:33

本文选题：生态意识　切入点：拉斯普京　出处：《山东师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪以来，随着工业文明的高速发展，全球性的生态危机也变得日益严重，人与自然的关系问题成为俄罗斯文学中最现实的问题。俄罗斯文学家在自己的作品中开始热情讴歌大自然的美丽，抒发人与自然同呼吸、共生存的情感。这段时期的文学大师主要有列昂诺夫、阿斯塔菲耶夫、艾特玛托夫、拉斯普京等。其中，在俄罗斯现代文学中，小说家拉斯普京的生态文学创作意义更加深刻。瓦连京·格里高利耶维奇·拉斯普京是20世纪后半期最优秀的作家之一，他为俄罗斯文学史掀开了新的一页。拉斯普京是“农村文学”的重要代表，在他的作品中描绘了俄罗斯农村的真实生活，赞扬了俄罗斯农民勤劳、善良的优秀品质，塑造了一系列特点鲜明的文学形象。20世纪以来，生态环境与社会环境日趋恶化，拉斯普京开始在自己的作品中广泛关注生态问题，其中《最后的期限》（1970）、《告别马焦拉》（1976）、《火灾》（1985）等是其典型的生态文学作品。本文以拉斯普京的主要生态文学作品为例，结合时代背景分析人与土地关系的恶化及人性的冷漠、道德的缺失对自然环境产生的恶劣影响。作为一名具有爱国主义思想和高度社会责任感的作家，拉斯普京通过自己的文学作品，表达了对生态危机和精神危机的忧患意识，并呼吁人们保护赖以生存的家园，重视传统美德。因此，本文认为，人与大自然、道德伦理思想是拉斯普京生态意识的重要组成部分，作家呼吁人们回归自然、回归宗教。本文由绪论、正文、结语和参考文献组成。论文的主要内容包括：绪论介绍了该课题的研究现状，本文的研究意义、研究目的、创新之处、研究方法以及论文的主要结构。第一章主要介绍20世纪以来俄罗斯生态文学发展现状和拉斯普京创作中的生态问题。第二章主要介绍拉斯普京生态意识中人与土地的思想。首先阐述了人与土地关系的重要性，人类要珍惜和爱护赖以生存的土地和家园。其次通过拉斯普京作品中“父”与“子”对土地的态度的对比，肯定父辈热爱故土、勤劳善良的优秀品质。同时也明显地反映出“子”辈共有的不良品质：对土地和家园的漠视。作家意在提醒大家，土地是人类的家园，，抛弃土地就意味着违背良心、背离传统。第三章主要介绍拉斯普京的道德伦理思想。首先评述了现代文明对传统道德造成的冲击和破坏；其次以《火灾》为例，揭示了社会中存在的种种道德问题，提醒人们道德悲剧最终会导致生态危机；最后，拉斯普京提出一条解决生态危机的出路，即：回归自然和回归宗教。结论部分概括总结了上述内容，并做出重要结论。
[Abstract]:Since the 20th century, with the rapid development of industrial civilization, the global ecological crisis has become increasingly serious. The relationship between man and nature has become the most realistic problem in Russian literature.Russian litterateurs began to eulogize the beauty of nature in their own works, expressing the feelings of people breathing and living together with nature.The main literary masters of this period are Leonov, Astafyev, Atmatov, Rasputin and so on.Among them, in Russian modern literature, novelist Ras Putin's ecological literature creation significance is more profound.Valentin Gregorievich Rasputin was one of the best writers in the second half of the 20th century, and he opened a new page in the history of Russian literature.Ras Putin is an important representative of "Rural Literature". In his works, he depicts the real life in the Russian countryside, praises the excellent qualities of Russian farmers' industry and kindness, and shapes a series of distinctive literary images since the 20th century.The ecological environment and social environment are deteriorating day by day. Rasputin began to pay more and more attention to ecological problems in his works. Among them, "Last deadline" (1970), "Farewell to Ma Jiola" (1976), "Fire" (1985) and so on, are his typical ecological literary works.This paper takes the main ecological literature works of Ras Putin as an example and analyzes the deterioration of the relationship between man and land and the apathy of human nature and the bad influence of the lack of morality on the natural environment combined with the background of the times.As a writer with a sense of patriotism and a high sense of social responsibility, Rasputin expressed through his literary works a sense of distress about the ecological and spiritual crises, and called on people to protect the homes on which they depend for survival.Attach importance to traditional virtues.Therefore, this paper holds that human and nature, moral and ethical thought is an important part of Ras Putin's ecological consciousness, and the writer calls on people to return to nature and religion.This article is composed of introduction, text, conclusion and references.The main contents of the thesis include:The introduction introduces the research status, the significance, the purpose, the innovation, the research method and the main structure of the thesis.The first chapter mainly introduces the development of Russian ecological literature since the 20th century and the ecological problems in Ras Putin's creation.The second chapter mainly introduces Ras Putin's thought of man and land in ecological consciousness.Firstly, the importance of the relationship between man and land is expounded, and human beings should cherish and cherish the land and homeland on which they live.Secondly, by comparing the attitude of father and son to land in Ras Putin's works, we affirm the excellent quality of father's love for his native land and hard work and kindness.It also clearly reflects the poor qualities shared by the children: disregard for land and homes.The writer is intended to remind us that land is the home of mankind, and abandoning it is contrary to conscience and tradition.The third chapter mainly introduces Ras Putin's moral and ethical thought.Firstly, it reviews the impact and destruction of modern civilization on traditional morality; secondly, taking "Fire" as an example, it reveals various moral problems in society and reminds people that moral tragedy will eventually lead to ecological crisis.Ras Putin proposed a solution to the ecological crisis, namely: return to nature and return to religion.The conclusion part summarizes the above content, and makes the important conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I512.074

【参考文献】