阿里斯托芬喜剧中的雅典城邦

发布时间：2018-04-20 10:33

本文选题：阿里斯托芬 + 战争与和平　；参考：《复旦大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：阿里斯托芬是古希腊最为杰出的喜剧诗人之一,也是当时唯一一位有完整剧本传世的喜剧作家。他的喜剧除了具有极高的文学价值之外,还涉及当时许多严肃、重大的社会问题,因而对社会思想史的研究也具有极其重要的参考价值。本文选取了阿里斯托芬喜剧中三个最具代表性的主题加以考察,分别是伯罗奔尼撒战争、城邦政治制度以及社会思想变革。第一章追溯了阿里斯托芬关于伯罗奔尼撒战争起源的问题,指出喜剧诗人视伯里克利为战争的发动者,而以克里昂为代表的主战派坚持战争的目的是为了控制民众,战争的持续对社会造成的影响,随后展示了喜剧中如何提出和平诉求,最后分析了喜剧诗人对于战争与正义的看法。第二章考察了喜剧中所呈现的民众与民众领袖之间的关系,辨析民众领袖形成与出现的原因,以及他们在民主政治运作中所起到的作用和影响,以喜剧中的克里昂为个案进行分析,并探讨中间阶层在民主制度中发挥的影响；随后转向民众与贵族政治精英之间的关系,并以阿尔基比阿德斯为个案进行研究,民众领袖和贵族政治精英之间的竞争；在此基础之上,考察雅典两次寡头政变与城邦政治制度的自我调适,最后分析了喜剧形式的变化与城邦和个人对公共舆论的掌控,及其对喜剧自身发展所造成的影响。第三章探讨了喜剧中呈现的智者运动带来的新思想冲击,雅典从神话思维向理性思维的过渡,以及伯罗奔尼撒战争时期雅典传统价值体系的危机,并探讨种种公共声音的竞争；随后转向喜剧诗人批判以“不义的逻各斯”为代表的“新思想”,并指出悲剧诗人和喜剧诗人的职责；最后分析了城邦的教育与阿里斯托芬的理想城邦。通过上述三章的论述,本文将喜剧置于具体的历史语境当中,考察了阿里斯托芬对伯罗奔尼撒战争、城邦政治制度以及社会思想变革等问题提出的忠告和建议,笔者在此基础上进一步指出,喜剧诗人所追寻的最终目标——正义。
[Abstract]:Aristophane was one of the most outstanding comic poets in ancient Greece and the only comic writer with complete script. In addition to his high literary value, his comedy also involves many serious and important social issues at that time. Therefore, the study of the history of social thought is also of great reference value. This paper selects the three most representative themes in Aristophane comedy, namely, the Peloponnesian War, the political system of the polis and the change of social ideology. The first chapter traces Aristophane's question about the origin of the Peloponnesian War, pointing out that Comedy poets regard Pericles as the initiator of the war, and the main warring factions, represented by Clyon, insist that the purpose of the war is to control the people. The impact of the war on the society, then shows how to put forward peaceful demands in comedy, and finally analyzes the comedy poet's views on war and justice. The second chapter examines the relationship between the public and the leaders in comedy, and analyzes the reasons for the formation and emergence of public leaders, as well as their role and influence in the operation of democratic politics. Taking Creon in comedy as a case study and exploring the influence of the middle class in democracy, then turning to the relationship between the populace and the aristocratic political elite, and taking Alkibiades as a case study. On the basis of the two oligarchic coups in Athens and the self-adjustment of the polis political system, the author analyzes the changes of comedy forms and the control of public opinion by the city states and individuals. And its impact on the development of comedy itself. The third chapter discusses the new ideological impact brought by the Wise Movement in comedy, the transition from mythical to rational thinking in Athens, and the crisis of the traditional value system of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, and discusses the competition of various public voices. Then he turned to the comedy poet to criticize the "new thought" represented by the "unjust logos", and pointed out the responsibilities of the tragic poet and the comedy poet. Finally, the author analyzed the education of the city state and the ideal city state of Aristophanes. Through the above three chapters, this paper puts comedy in a specific historical context, and examines Aristophanes advice and suggestions to the Peloponnesian War, the polis political system and the social and ideological changes, etc. On this basis, the author further points out that the ultimate goal of comedy poets-justice.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I545.073

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