与历史商榷：解读奈保尔的小说《半生》和《魔种》

发布时间：2018-04-24 23:19

本文选题：V.S.奈保尔 + 《半生》　；参考：《南京师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：《半生》和《魔种》是V S.奈保尔近年来最重要的作品,同时也是他的最后两部小说。本文从新历史主义的视角解读这两本小说,从历史语境与文学文本的关系出发,探究作者、文本、与社会历史环境的对话关系。著名新历史主义学者史蒂芬·格林布莱特用“社会能量”、“商榷”、“流通”、“交换”等用语来表达文本与历史的关系中社会能量动向。文学作品是社会能量流通的一部分。作者在创作时,既受到其他社会能量的影响,又在创作中加入个人特色、个人观点,积极与历史语境对话商榷,参与影响历史进程。因此,文学作品是作者与社会历史语境商榷的成果。作者在这一过程中发挥了多重作用：他既屈从于历史语境,又积极与历史对话,参与历史进程,同时其作品对历史发展具有构建作用。本文根据作者的三重角色对这两部小说进行文本细读,分析历史对文本的影响与文本对历史的反作用。通过文本分析,指出这两部小说以20世纪全球的殖民化与去殖民化浪潮为历史背景,反映了当时特定的社会历史事件和问题；同时这两部小说的创作受到其他经典文本的影响,与经典作品互文,从侧面反映了奈保尔对历史语境的屈从。此外,奈保尔是一位积极的商榷者,这两部作品体现了极强的个人特色。针对历史发展中出现的一些问题,如历史书写、种族歧视和两性关系,奈保尔提出个人观点,积极与历史语境商榷。根据“文本的历史性”,文本对历史进程具有积极的构建作用。通过揭示殖民化与去殖民化过程中存在的社会历史问题,本文分析了这两个文本在与历史语境对话过程中发挥的重要文学意义和历史作用。从文学方面来看,这两部小说展现了奈保尔的创作特色,无论在创作手法还是创作理念均为当代族裔文学提供了一个榜样。此外,这两部小说中深刻的社会历史分析如同一记警钟,引导读者反思：面对当今世界全球化发展过程中的机遇和挑战,各个国家应合理地看待国家间、以及国家与人民之间的关系,积极寻求发展；同时,第三世界国家应以史为鉴,面向未来,摆脱落后困境,做到真正的独立。
[Abstract]:< Half-life > and < Magic seed > are VSs. Naipaul's most important work in recent years is his last two novels. This paper interprets the two novels from the perspective of new historicism and explores the dialogue between the author, the text and the social and historical environment from the perspective of historical context and literary text. Stephen Greenblatt, a famous new historicist scholar, uses terms such as "social energy", "discussion", "circulation" and "exchange" to express the trend of social energy in the relationship between text and history. Literature is a part of social energy circulation. The author is influenced not only by other social energies, but also by personal characteristics and personal viewpoints, which actively discuss with historical context and participate in the influence of historical process. Therefore, literary works are the result of discussion between the author and the social and historical context. The author plays many roles in this process: he not only succumbs to the historical context, but also actively talks with history and participates in the historical process, while his works play a constructive role in the development of history. According to the author's triple roles, this paper makes a close reading of the two novels, and analyzes the influence of history on the text and the reaction of the text to history. Through text analysis, it is pointed out that the two novels are based on the global wave of colonization and decolonization in the 20th century, reflecting the specific social and historical events and problems at that time, while the creation of these two novels is influenced by other classical texts. Intertextuals with classical works reflect Naipaul's subservience to historical context. In addition, Naipaul is an active discussant, the two works reflect a strong personal characteristics. In view of some problems in historical development, such as historical writing, racial discrimination and gender relations, Naipaul put forward his personal views and actively discussed with historical context. According to the History of the text, the text plays an active role in constructing the historical process. By revealing the social and historical problems existing in the process of colonization and decolonization, this paper analyzes the important literary significance and historical function of the two texts in the process of dialogue with historical context. From the literary point of view, the two novels show Naipaul's creative characteristics, both in terms of creative techniques and ideas for contemporary ethnic literature to provide an example. In addition, the profound social and historical analysis in these two novels serves as a wake-up call for readers to reflect: in the face of the opportunities and challenges in the development of globalization in today's world, each country should look at each other reasonably. At the same time, the third world countries should learn from history, face the future, get rid of the backward predicament and achieve true independence.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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