《八月之光》中克里斯莫斯悲剧的弗洛伊德式解读

发布时间：2018-04-25 13:40

本文选题：《八月之光》 + 克里斯莫斯　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：威廉·福克纳是二十世纪伟大的美国南方小说家之一。1932年发表的小说《八月之光》在其文学生涯中占据重要的地位，其中主人公乔·克里斯莫斯也己经成为美国文学长廊中的经典人物之一。弗洛伊德认为，人格结构有三个互相作用的部分构成，即本我、自我和超我。克里斯莫斯的人格是由无法抑制的本我、难以实现的自我以及力量微弱的超我构成。在三者的斗争中，克里斯莫斯的本我占据上风，，为自我和超我所不能控制。当三者之间的平衡被打破时，人们往往就会产生焦虑，弗洛伊德将焦虑分为三类：现实性焦虑，神经性焦虑以及道德性焦虑。对于克里斯莫斯而言，他的现实性焦虑主要来自缺失母爱的童年和社会对其的孤立，扭曲的欲望经常使他倍感神经性焦虑，而身份的不确定性却使他无法逃离道德性焦虑的困扰。当人们受到焦虑的困扰时，往往会采取一系列的自我防御机制，自我防御机制又有积极和消极之分。克里斯莫斯在焦虑面前采取了诸如退行、被动侵略、妄想、压抑、移置和发泄等消极的自我防御机制。本文分析了造成主人公克里斯莫斯悲剧命运的原因：本我的力量异常强大，已经压制住自我，超我无法实现，而当他的本我、自我与超我发生冲突产生焦虑的时候他采取消极的自我防御机制，最终导致了克里斯莫斯的毁灭。
[Abstract]:William Faulkner is one of the great Southern novelists of the twentieth century. The novel Light of August, published in 1932, plays an important role in his literary career. One of the protagonists, Joe Chris, has also become one of the classic characters in the American literature gallery. According to Freud, the personality structure consists of three interacting parts: the ego, the ego and the superego. Chris Moss's personality consists of an irrepressible ego, an unattainable self and a weak superego. In the struggle of the three, Chris Moss's ego gained the upper hand and was beyond the control of self and superego. When the balance between the three is broken, people tend to have anxiety. Freud divided anxiety into three categories: realistic anxiety, neurotic anxiety and moral anxiety. For Chris Moss, his realistic anxieties stem mainly from his lack of maternal love in childhood and social isolation, and distorted desires often make him feel nervous. However, the uncertainty of his identity made him unable to escape the anxiety of morality. When people are troubled by anxiety, they often adopt a series of self-defense mechanisms, which can be divided into positive and negative ones. Chris Moss takes negative self-defense mechanisms such as retreat, passive aggression, delusion, depression, displacement and venting in the face of anxiety. This paper analyzes the causes of the tragic fate of the protagonist Chris Moss: the ego is so powerful that it has suppressed itself, and the superego cannot be realized, and when his id is, When the conflict between ego and superego created anxiety, he adopted negative self-defense mechanism, which eventually led to the destruction of Chris Moss.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I712.074

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