浪漫主义反讽及其现代审美意义

发布时间：2018-04-26 11:41

本文选题：浪漫主义反讽 + 内涵　；参考：《西安外国语大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：德国早期浪漫主义受康德的“唯心论哲学”、费希特的“自我中心论哲学”和谢林的“同一哲学”思想的影响，提出了浪漫主义反讽的诗学构想，其内涵已远远超出了修辞学和文学的范畴而上升到了美学的高度。浪漫主义反讽是“否定的精灵”，它以对理性世界的反思而自居，为人类提供了一把打开真理之门的钥匙；它在“毁灭”与“创造”的再生中冲破了“有限”的藩篱，将世界延伸到“无限”的美好领域；它在“隐喻”与诙谐的整合中将个体扩散至“整体”的边界，达到物我同一、主客同一，从而触及到了“宇宙精灵”。浪漫主义反讽所特有的这种审美内涵不但给当时的思想者带来启迪，而且赋予时代难题以诗意的解答，因而显示出重要的现代审美意义。本文拟以浪漫主义反讽的文化背景和基本内涵为着眼点，主要从以下三个方面来论述浪漫主义反讽的现代审美意义：第一、“理性法则”之下所创建立的工业文明促进了自然科学的长足发展，也为人类物质生活的不断丰富提供了便利，然而，理性也导致人类对自我的迷茫。人类生活的意义渐渐被遮蔽，道德信仰与人生的价值出现了真空。而且这种矛盾在今天达到了前所未有的程度，并带来了道德与体制上的危机。对此，浪漫主义反讽以其特有的“否定性”成为反思理性，建立真正文明、道德之路的艺术创造方法和生存策略。第二、弗·施莱格尔认为，存在的真正矛盾是我们同时感到自身的有限和无限，而理性的世界不会给人提供“既……又……”的可能，生存的悖论导致了一些列难以克服的矛盾，并最终导致了人自身的分裂。这已成为现代人的通病，救赎之路则是冲破理性社会的各种限制，将“有限”通向“无限”，使自我实现真正的“精神自由”。浪漫主义反讽正是以“有限”隐射“无限”，同时又不超出有限界限的艺术手段。由此可实现人性的复归，从而达到诗化人生的目的。第三、“隐喻”在弗·施莱格尔看来就是一种象征主义的方法，而浪漫主义反讽就是“隐喻”与“诙谐”的综合，通过它艺术实现了由个体对整体的显现，从而让人体会到了“美”的本质。这样，浪漫主义反讽又为现代艺术开辟了一道“神话”的曙光。总之，，浪漫主义反讽不是用浪漫的艺术手段来掩饰生存的真实，而是以审美的眼光挑剔日益平庸、从众和惯例化的日常生活的一种观察方式，具有反思性和叛逆性。这种反思性和叛逆性对现代理性法则统治下的道德规范提出了质疑，对现代人自我分裂的现象给予了救赎，并对现代艺术复兴神话的发展趋势提供了全新的理念。
[Abstract]:Influenced by Kant's philosophy of idealism, Fichte's philosophy of egocentrism and Schelling's thought of the same philosophy, early German romanticism put forward the poetic conception of Romantic irony. Its connotation has gone far beyond rhetoric and literature to the height of aesthetics. Romantic irony is the "spirit of negation", which pretends to reflect on the rational world and provides mankind with a key to open the door of truth; it breaks through the "limited" barrier in the regeneration of "destruction" and "creation". It extends the world to the beautiful realm of infinity; it spreads the individual into the boundary of the whole in the integration of metaphor and humor, reaching the same object, self, subject and object, thus touching upon the universe spirit. The unique aesthetic connotation of romantic irony not only enlightens the thinkers at that time, but also gives poetic solutions to the difficult problems of the times, thus showing an important modern aesthetic significance. This paper focuses on the cultural background and basic connotation of Romantic irony, mainly from the following three aspects to discuss the modern aesthetic significance of Romantic irony: First, the industrial civilization established under the Law of reason has promoted the rapid development of natural science and provided convenience for the continuous enrichment of human material life. However, reason also leads to the confusion of human beings towards themselves. The significance of human life is gradually obscured, moral belief and the value of life appear a vacuum. And this contradiction has reached unprecedented levels today, and has brought about a moral and institutional crisis. For this reason, Romantic irony, with its unique "negativity", has become the artistic creative method and survival strategy of reflecting reason, establishing real civilization and moral road. Second, Faugh Schlegel believes that the real contradiction of existence is that we feel our own limits and infinity at the same time, and that the rational world does not provide "both." And... " The paradox of existence leads to some insurmountable contradictions, and ultimately leads to the division of man himself. This has become the common disease of modern people, and the road of redemption is to break through the restrictions of rational society, to lead to infinity and to realize the true spiritual freedom. Romantic irony is the artistic means of "limited" and "infinite", while not exceeding the limit. In this way, the restoration of human nature can be realized and the purpose of poetic life can be achieved. Thirdly, "metaphor" is a symbolism method in the view of Fu Schlegel, and Romantic irony is the synthesis of "metaphor" and "humor", through which the appearance of the whole by the individual is realized. So that the human body will reach the essence of "beauty". In this way, Romantic irony opens up the dawn of mythology for modern art. In short, Romantic irony is not a romantic artistic means to conceal the reality of existence, but an aesthetic view of the increasingly mediocre, conformity and routine of daily life observation, with reflective and rebellious. This reflexivity and rebelliousness question the moral norms under the rule of modern rational law, redeem the phenomenon of self-division of modern people, and provide a new idea for the development trend of the myth of revival of modern art.
【学位授予单位】：西安外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I109.9

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