对《了不起的盖茨比》的生态主义解析

发布时间：2018-04-27 02:02

本文选题：《了不起的盖茨比》 + 生态批评　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：《了不起的盖茨比》是弗朗西斯.菲茨杰拉德最经典的作品之一，是美国二十年代爵士时代的一个伟大的历史寓言，讲述了小说里的各个人物在一战后美国经济复苏背景下，或消沉，或狂欢，或薄情，或多情的种种众生之态；既是美国当时社会的写照，也对后世有深刻的警醒作用。主人公盖茨比在文中对爱情的执着，努力，追求令人肃然起敬，而其悲惨的结局也令人伤心不已。对这篇小说的研究可谓汗牛充栋，有从美国梦角度解析的，有从各种象征的角度来理解的，有从女性主义解释的，还有从其他文学批评角度来进行研究的。但是，从生态批评角度分析本文的研究相比之下不是相当丰富，因此本文尝试从生态批评的角度来对这篇小说进行新的解构，从一个相对较为新颖的视角对文中人物的动机，行为，以及结局来重新进行解构。本文主要采用生态批评从三个角度进行分析：第一个角度描述人类中心主义对自然环境与社会环境的破坏，以及环境对人物的反馈与影响；第二个角度分析人类中心主义引起的人与人之间的不和谐关系，以及其对人物的影响；第三角度是研究私欲膨胀引起的心理生态的失衡，以及其对人物命运的导向。从新的角度对经典小说进行结构，不仅对丰富了对于小说的理解，而且对批评方法的改进与补充也有很大的帮助。本文主要包括以下七部分。第一部分简要地介绍了作者生平、作品，以及论文的写作意义。第二部分是文献综述，简要介绍了中外生态批评近期的发展状况，并回顾了中外学者对《了不起的盖茨比》这部小说研究的程度与角度。第三部分是理论部分，简述生态批评对于人类中心主义的批判，，并介绍了批判的三个角度。论文第四部分至第六部分是论文的主体部分,从三个角度分别阐释人类的自私行为所引起的各种失衡对小说中人物产生的不良影响。第四部分论述受人类中心主义破坏的自然环境与社会环境对人物的反馈与影响。美国西进运动确实推动了美国农业、工业的发展，为美国经济的发展打下了良好的基础，与此同时，也开拓了美国的疆域。但是，这种种一切并不能抹杀其对自然环境的破坏。由此而来的生存环境的恶劣是大自然的报复，不仅使开拓者们苦不堪言，而且使作为其子孙的小说主人公也深受其害。一战是人类私欲膨胀的另一个社会产物，也是小说主人公一生跌宕起伏的一个重要导因。第五部分论述了人物之间的不良关系对小说人物的影响。不论是不忠的夫妻关系，还是违反社会道德的情人关系，都是人类自私所带来的苦果。只顾自己快乐，而不关心其他人，只会让人与人之间的关系更加紧张。反过来，人们在紧张关系中也永远体会不到真正的快乐与舒畅。第六部分指出了心理生态的失衡对小说人物的影响。人类的欲望是无穷的，如果不加克制，去追求一些理所不能及的一些虚幻而浮华的愿望，最终只会让自己陷入痛苦的深渊。第七部分总结了全文，呼吁人类应该克服以自己为中心的心理，与自然、同类和谐相处，保持内心的平和与淡定，并指出了论文的缺点、局限，以及未来发展的方向。
[Abstract]:A great Gatsby is one of the most classical works of the Jazz Age in the 1920s , which tells the characters of the novel in the context of a post - war American economic recovery , or a depression , or a carnival , or a feeling of emotion , or emotions ;
From the perspective of ecological criticism , this paper attempts to deconstruct the novel from the perspective of ecological criticism , from a relatively new perspective to the motivation , behavior , and outcome of the characters .

This paper mainly uses ecological criticism to analyze from three angles : the first angle describes the damage of human centralism to natural environment and social environment , and the feedback and influence of the environment on the characters ;
The second point is to analyze the inharmonious relationship between man and man , as well as its influence on people .
The third angle is to study the imbalance of the psychological ecology caused by the private expansion , and its orientation to the fate of the characters . The structure of the classic novel from the new angle not only enriches the understanding of the novel , but also has great help to the improvement and supplement of the criticism method . This paper mainly includes the following seven parts .

The first part briefly introduces the author ' s life - level , the works , and the writing significance of the paper .

The second part is a review of the literature review , briefly introduces the recent development of ecological criticism at home and abroad , and reviews the degree and angle of Chinese and foreign scholars ' research on the novel Gatsby ' s novel .

The third part is the theoretical part , briefly expounds the criticism of ecological criticism on human centralism , and introduces the three angles of criticism . The fourth part to the sixth part of the thesis are the main part of the thesis , which explains the negative effects of the imbalance on the characters in the novel from three angles .

The fourth part discusses the feedback and influence of the natural environment and the social environment which are damaged by the human centralism . The American movement does push the development of American agriculture and industry , which lays a good foundation for the development of American economy .

The fifth part discusses the influence of the bad relationship between the characters on the characters of the novel . Whether it is not loyal to the husband and wife , or the relationship between the lovers of the social morality , it is the bitter fruit of the selfishness .

The sixth part points out the influence of the imbalance of the psychological ecology on the characters of the novel . The human desire is infinite , and if we don ' t exercise restraint and pursue some of the imaginary and floating aspirations that some reason cannot and can not be , it will only put oneself in the abyss of pain .

The seventh part summarizes the whole text , and calls upon mankind to overcome the psychological , natural and homogeneous harmony with oneself as the center , keep the inner peace and light , and point out the shortcomings , limitations and the direction of future development .

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

【参考文献】