用解构主义理论解读《法国中尉的女人》

发布时间：2018-04-27 11:44

本文选题：叙事学 + 时距　；参考：《西北大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：约翰·福尔斯是世界文坛享有盛名的英国作家。他的一生著作颇多,其中最有名的是《法国中尉的女人》这部长篇小说。对于这部小说,之前的许多批评家们都是使用女性主义、存在主义以及历史角度来解析,运用叙事学理论来解析的评论并不多。叙事学是二十世纪六十年代新兴的一个文艺批评理论,这个新兴的文学批评理论代表着当代小说理论发展的新方向。本篇论文就是运用叙事学的理论来分析该作品的叙事节奏和叙事情境,目的在于用一种更新的眼光来欣赏这部作品的艺术魅力。该论文分为四个部分,第一章介绍了约翰·福尔斯的生平以及文学成就,重点介绍了叙事学出现和发展。第二章是运用经典叙事学中的时距理论和巴赫金所提出的复调理论来研究该作品的节奏。该小说不仅在时间上形成了一动一静的节奏,而且在空间上相互交替。第三章研究该小说的叙事情境。叙事人称,叙事聚焦和叙事方式是叙事情境最重要的三个方面。《法国中尉的女人》使用的是第三和第一人称的作者叙事情境。聚焦方式主要使用的是内聚焦。叙事方式上福尔斯主要采用展示的方式,尽量少使用讲述的方式。最后一章对该论文进行了总结。该论文以叙事学中最重要的时距,复调和叙事情境理论来研究该小说。从以上分析可以看出,故事在有张有弛地前进,读者跟随男主人公一步一步走进女主人公的内心世界,正是由于以上叙事技巧的成功运用,读者才能深刻理解男女主人公内心世界的矛盾,了解他们对于固有观念的坚持以及对自由的追求。这样的叙事技巧使得故事具有吸引力,人物的刻画也入木三分,从而有利于主题的升华。约翰·福尔斯不愧是当代文学的巨匠。
[Abstract]:John Fowles is a famous English writer in the world. His life was full of books, the most famous of which was the novel the French Lieutenant's woman. For this novel, many critics used feminism, existentialism and historical perspective to analyze the novel, and few critics used narratology to analyze it. Narratology is a new theory of literary criticism in the 1960s, which represents a new direction of the development of contemporary novel theory. The purpose of this thesis is to use narratology theory to analyze the narrative rhythm and narrative situation of the work, in order to appreciate the artistic charm of the work with a new vision. The first chapter introduces John Fowles' life and literary achievements, focusing on the emergence and development of narratology. The second chapter studies the rhythm of this work by using the time distance theory of classical narratology and the polyphonic theory put forward by Bakhtin. The novel not only forms a static rhythm in time, but also alternates in space. The third chapter studies the narrative situation of the novel. Narrative person, narrative focus and narrative mode are the three most important aspects of narrative situation. The focus mode is mainly internal focusing. In the narrative mode, Fowles mainly uses the way of display and the way of narration as little as possible. The last chapter summarizes the thesis. This thesis studies the novel with the most important theories of time interval, polyphony and narrative situation in narratology. From the above analysis, we can see that the story is moving forward with relaxation, the reader follows the hero step by step into the heroine's inner world, precisely because of the successful use of the above narrative techniques. The reader can deeply understand the contradiction of the inner world of the hero and heroine, and understand their adherence to the inherent idea and the pursuit of freedom. This kind of narrative technique makes the story attractive and the characters depict, which is favorable to the sublimation of the theme. John Fowles is a great master of contemporary literature.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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